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MA program QJC > Assess Labs, endocrine, behavior, nervous, & Sensory systems > Flashcards

Assess Labs, endocrine, behavior, nervous, & Sensory systems Flashcards

1
Q

A term used to describe a blood sample in which the red blood cells have ruptured is

A

hemolyzed

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2
Q

Decreased hemoglobin levels are seen in which of the following illnesses?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Hyperthyroidism
Cirrhosis of the liver

A

all 3

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3
Q

The act passed by Congress to establish quality standards for all laboratory testing is referred to as

A

CLIA

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4
Q

Categories of tests performed in the clinical laboratory are assigned by the FDA on the basis of the

A

potential risk to public health

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5
Q

Laboratory tests performed in a physician’s office are most likely to be categorized as CLIA-
waived
moderate complexity
high complexity

A

waived
moderate complexity

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6
Q

Which of the following is the most efficient method of preventing the spread of infection in a laboratory?
Using a sterile container for sharps
Washing your hands Correct
Using sterile cups in urine collection
Cleaning with a chemical disinfectant

A

Washing your hands

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7
Q

The term used that indicates a laboratory test should be run immediately

A

STAT

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8
Q

Which urine test is performed using a chemical test strip?

A

Presence of nitrites

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9
Q

Before a laboratory test can be used for patient samples, quality control must be run to ensure that the test is considered

A

reliable

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10
Q

What term describes the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine?

A

urinalysis

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11
Q

When instructing a female patient in how to obtain a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen, you should tell her to use how many antiseptic towelettes?

A

3

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12
Q

Polyuria is common in which of the following clinical situations?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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13
Q

A test that determines long-range blood glucose control is the

A

A1c

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14
Q
  1. TSH levels are assessed to determine the function of what organ(s)?
A

pituitary gland

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15
Q

Troponin is a component of a(n) ________ panel

A

cardiac

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16
Q

A panel which includes ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, and LDH tests is called the

A

liver panel

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17
Q

A panel which includes uric acid, glucose, BUN, and creatinine tests is called the

A

renal panel

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18
Q

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid to release two other thyroid hormones?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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19
Q

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

A

vasopressin

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20
Q

Chemical messengers used by the endocrine system to regulate body functions are

A

hormones

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21
Q

When the blood glucose level is higher than normal but not enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, the condition is called

A

prediabetes

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22
Q

Insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy is called

A

gestational diabetes

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23
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A

goiter

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24
Q

The presence of glucose in the urine is called

A

glucosuria

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25
Q

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in polydipsia and polyuria, is

A

diabetes insipidus

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26
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood causes

A

acromegaly

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27
Q

Deficient hormones in which disorder may lead to tetany, hypocalcemia, and muscle twitching?

A

hypoparathyroidism

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28
Q

Deficiency of calcium in the blood is

A

hypocalcemia

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29
Q

Deficiency of sodium in the blood is

A

hyponatremia

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30
Q

High blood potassium is

A

hyperkalemia

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31
Q

Deficiency of sugar in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

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32
Q

Excessive sugar in the blood is

A

hyperglycemia

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33
Q

Excessive calcium in the blood is

A

hypercalcemia

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34
Q

The condition of excessive urination is

A

polyuria

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35
Q

The condition of excessive thirst is

A

polydipsia

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36
Q

Hypersecretion of cortisol leading to weight gain, decrease healing of wounds, depression, and impaired growth is _____ disease.

A

cushing

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37
Q

Total lack of insulin production, with symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections, is

A

type 1 diabetes

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38
Q

Insulin resistance or a deficient of insulin production occurs with

A

type 2 diabetes

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39
Q

Which is a test that measures the body’s response to a concentrated glucose solution and that may be used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?

A

OGTT

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40
Q

A blood test used to assess thyroid hormones and evaluate abnormalities of thyroid function is

A

TFT

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41
Q

This test measures the glucose level in the blood after fasting

A

FBG

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42
Q

A test used to measure average glucose levels and monitor diabetes mellitus is

A

A1c.

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43
Q

When a urine specimen is tested for the presence of glucose to monitor diabetes mellitus, the test is called a(n)

A

urine glucose

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44
Q

Which is used to treat diabetes insipidus?

A

vasopressin

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45
Q

Which gland regulates metabolism?

A

thyroid gland

46
Q

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, increasing the urine concentration is

A

antidiuretic hormone

47
Q

The external emotional expression is called

A

affect

48
Q

The unshakable belief in something untrue and it may be accompanied by hallucinations and/or paranoia is

A

delusion

49
Q

Abnormally elated mental state

A

mania

50
Q

What is the medication classification of methylphenidate (Ritalin LA, Concerta, Methylin)?

A

stimulant

51
Q

What is a related factor to mental, developmental, or behavioral disorder?

A

Poverty
Neighborhood concerns
Parents with mental health issues
Childcare problems that affect the parent’s job

52
Q

Behavioral health disorders in children cause changes in the way children

A

behave.
learn.
handle their emotions.

53
Q

With _____, a person has many different worries and finds it difficult to control his or her anxiety.

A

generalized anxiety disorder

54
Q

The persistent difficulty of getting rid of personal possessions is called

A

hoarding disorder

55
Q

_____ causes recurrent sudden feelings of terror without real dangers being present.

A

panic disorder

56
Q

With _____, a person has frequent, upsetting thoughts and an overwhelming urge to repeat certain behaviors.

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

57
Q

What developmental disorder causes difficulty interacting and communicating with others? Symptoms appear by age two.

A

Autism spectrum disorder

58
Q

This condition can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or terrifying event; it is seen in war veterans and people who have been in a natural disaster.

A

PTSD

59
Q

What condition causes a person to cycle through mania, hypomania, and major depression episodes?

A

Bipolar disorder

60
Q

Awareness of one’s environment, with reference to people, place, and time is

A

orientation

61
Q

With this condition, a person overeats, which leads to purging.

A

Bulimia nervosa

62
Q

This assessment is also called neurocognitive testing.

A

Mental status testing

63
Q

Under HIPAA, psychotherapy notes are treated with higher levels of confidentiality than other health records and need to be stored separately from the patient health record. They are not released with other health records and must be specifically indicated by the patient to be released.

A

true

64
Q

This type of depression occurs after a female has given birth.

A

Postpartum depression

65
Q

Afferent nerves are also called

A

sensory nerves.

66
Q

Efferent nerves are also called

A

motor nerves

67
Q

The nerve cells that connect efferent and afferent nerve cells are

A

interneurons

68
Q

Paralysis of the arms, legs, and trunk is

A

quadriplegia

69
Q

Paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk is

A

paraplegia.

70
Q

Memory loss is called

A

amnesia

71
Q

What is a sudden increase of electrical activity in one or more parts of the brain, also called convulsions?

A
72
Q

What inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes behavioral issues, abnormal movements, and dementia?

A

Huntington disease

73
Q

What is a deep, often prolonged unconsciousness, usually the result of a head injury, neurologic disease, intoxication, or metabolic abnormalities?

A

coma

74
Q

A type of brain injury resulting from the hit to the head or body that causes the brain to move rapidly back and forth.

A

concussion

75
Q

Bruising and swelling of the brain that occurs when small cerebral blood vessels bleed into brain tissue.

A

cerebral contusion

76
Q

A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, caused by a break in a blood vessel wall is a(n)

A

D. hematoma.

77
Q

A progressive, neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit an impairment of cognitive functioning (e.g., thinking, reasoning, and memory) is

A

Alzheimer’s disease

78
Q

What is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremors, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, stooping, masked face, speech changes, and loss of automatic movements?

A

Parkinson’s disease

79
Q

An acute infection caused by the virus that causes chickenpox is

A

shingles

80
Q

A disorder characterized by recurrent seizures is

A

epilepsy

81
Q

Inflammation of a specific nerve, causing burning or stabbing pain and numbness in the lower back, hip, buttock, and leg, is

A

sciatica.

82
Q

What is the condition caused by a blockage in the arterial blood flow to the brain or a rupture of a cerebral artery? It is commonly called a stroke.

A

A cerebrovascular accident

83
Q

What is the condition caused by a brief blockage to the blood supply in the brain and the patient has symptoms for up to 24 hours?

A

A transient ischemic attack

84
Q

Sharp, spasm-like pain in a nerve or along the course of one or more nerves is

A

neuralgia

85
Q

An x-ray procedure that is used to see how the blood flows through the brain. A dye is injected and highlights the blood flow through the brain.

A

Cerebral angiography

86
Q

What is a disorder in which the individual is unable to do normal activities of living (e.g., eating, dressing, grooming), solve problems, and control emotions?

A

dementia

87
Q

_____ is an involuntary muscle contraction.

A

spasm

88
Q

Rhythmic purposeless muscle movements are

A

tremors

89
Q

Loss of muscle function and/or sensation is called

A

paralysis

90
Q

What collects information from and returns information to the glands and organs?

A

Autonomic nervous system

91
Q

What collects information from and returns instructions to the skin, muscles, and joints?

A

Somatic nervous system

92
Q

This structure is involved with regulating the heart rate, respirations, and the diameter of blood vessels

A

Medulla oblongata

93
Q

Which statement is incorrect regarding aging and the nerves system?
A. Nerve cells break down in the brain and waste products accumulate, which can lead to plaques and tangles to form.
B. Nerve impulses become slower.
C. Slowing of thought, thinking, and memory is a normal part of aging.
D. All older adults have dementia.

A

D. All older adults have dementia.

94
Q

The combining form for the eye is

A

ocul/o

95
Q

Double vision is

A

diplopia

96
Q

Nearsightedness is

A

myopia

97
Q

Farsightedness is

A

hyperopia

98
Q

Progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye is

A

a cataract

99
Q

Blockage of the external auditory canal with earwax is

A

impacted cerumen

100
Q

Loss of hearing, sometimes resulting from the aging process, is

A

presbycusis

101
Q

Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane is

A

otoscopy

102
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear is called

A

otitis media

103
Q

Damage of the retina as a result of diabetes is called

A

diabetic retinopathy

104
Q

A degenerative disease marked by difficulty seeing fine details and progressive loss of the center visual field is

A

age-related macular degeneration

105
Q

A false sensation that you or your environment is spinning or moving is

A

vertigo

106
Q

The “white of the eye” is called the

A

sclera.

107
Q

Which structure divides the outer ear and the middle ear and protects the middle ear from foreign objects?

A

Tympanic membrane

108
Q

Which structure is an ossicle called the “stirrup” and sits next to the oval window?

A

Stapes

109
Q

Which structure is an ossicle called the “hammer” and is attached to the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

110
Q

Which structure helps to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside environment?

A

Eustachian tube

111
Q

What procedure uses a variety of pitches and volumes to check the patient’s hearing?

A

Audiometry

112
Q

Hearing loss from damage to the middle or outer ear is called

A

conductive hearing loss

MA program QJC (11 decks)

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