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MA program QJC > Assess Labs, endocrine, behavior, nervous, & Sensory systems > Flashcards

Assess Labs, endocrine, behavior, nervous, & Sensory systems Flashcards

1
Q

A term used to describe a blood sample in which the red blood cells have ruptured is

A

hemolyzed

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2
Q

Decreased hemoglobin levels are seen in which of the following illnesses?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Hyperthyroidism
Cirrhosis of the liver

A

all 3

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3
Q

The act passed by Congress to establish quality standards for all laboratory testing is referred to as

A

CLIA

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4
Q

Categories of tests performed in the clinical laboratory are assigned by the FDA on the basis of the

A

potential risk to public health

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5
Q

Laboratory tests performed in a physician’s office are most likely to be categorized as CLIA-
waived
moderate complexity
high complexity

A

waived
moderate complexity

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6
Q

Which of the following is the most efficient method of preventing the spread of infection in a laboratory?
Using a sterile container for sharps
Washing your hands Correct
Using sterile cups in urine collection
Cleaning with a chemical disinfectant

A

Washing your hands

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7
Q

The term used that indicates a laboratory test should be run immediately

A

STAT

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8
Q

Which urine test is performed using a chemical test strip?

A

Presence of nitrites

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9
Q

Before a laboratory test can be used for patient samples, quality control must be run to ensure that the test is considered

A

reliable

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10
Q

What term describes the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine?

A

urinalysis

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11
Q

When instructing a female patient in how to obtain a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen, you should tell her to use how many antiseptic towelettes?

A

3

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12
Q

Polyuria is common in which of the following clinical situations?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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13
Q

A test that determines long-range blood glucose control is the

A

A1c

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14
Q
  1. TSH levels are assessed to determine the function of what organ(s)?
A

pituitary gland

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15
Q

Troponin is a component of a(n) ________ panel

A

cardiac

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16
Q

A panel which includes ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, and LDH tests is called the

A

liver panel

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17
Q

A panel which includes uric acid, glucose, BUN, and creatinine tests is called the

A

renal panel

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18
Q

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid to release two other thyroid hormones?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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19
Q

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

A

vasopressin

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20
Q

Chemical messengers used by the endocrine system to regulate body functions are

A

hormones

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21
Q

When the blood glucose level is higher than normal but not enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, the condition is called

A

prediabetes

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22
Q

Insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy is called

A

gestational diabetes

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23
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A

goiter

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24
Q

The presence of glucose in the urine is called

A

glucosuria

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25
Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in polydipsia and polyuria, is
diabetes insipidus
26
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood causes
acromegaly
27
Deficient hormones in which disorder may lead to tetany, hypocalcemia, and muscle twitching?
hypoparathyroidism
28
Deficiency of calcium in the blood is
hypocalcemia
29
Deficiency of sodium in the blood is
hyponatremia
30
High blood potassium is
hyperkalemia
31
Deficiency of sugar in the blood
hypoglycemia
32
Excessive sugar in the blood is
hyperglycemia
33
Excessive calcium in the blood is
hypercalcemia
34
The condition of excessive urination is
polyuria
35
The condition of excessive thirst is
polydipsia
36
Hypersecretion of cortisol leading to weight gain, decrease healing of wounds, depression, and impaired growth is _____ disease.
cushing
37
Total lack of insulin production, with symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections, is
type 1 diabetes
38
Insulin resistance or a deficient of insulin production occurs with
type 2 diabetes
39
Which is a test that measures the body’s response to a concentrated glucose solution and that may be used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?
OGTT
40
A blood test used to assess thyroid hormones and evaluate abnormalities of thyroid function is
TFT
41
This test measures the glucose level in the blood after fasting
FBG
42
A test used to measure average glucose levels and monitor diabetes mellitus is
A1c.
43
When a urine specimen is tested for the presence of glucose to monitor diabetes mellitus, the test is called a(n)
urine glucose
44
Which is used to treat diabetes insipidus?
vasopressin
45
Which gland regulates metabolism?
thyroid gland
46
The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, increasing the urine concentration is
antidiuretic hormone
47
The external emotional expression is called
affect
48
The unshakable belief in something untrue and it may be accompanied by hallucinations and/or paranoia is
delusion
49
Abnormally elated mental state
mania
50
What is the medication classification of methylphenidate (Ritalin LA, Concerta, Methylin)?
stimulant
51
What is a related factor to mental, developmental, or behavioral disorder?
Poverty Neighborhood concerns Parents with mental health issues Childcare problems that affect the parent’s job
52
Behavioral health disorders in children cause changes in the way children
behave. learn. handle their emotions.
53
With _____, a person has many different worries and finds it difficult to control his or her anxiety.
generalized anxiety disorder
54
The persistent difficulty of getting rid of personal possessions is called
hoarding disorder
55
_____ causes recurrent sudden feelings of terror without real dangers being present.
panic disorder
56
With _____, a person has frequent, upsetting thoughts and an overwhelming urge to repeat certain behaviors.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
57
What developmental disorder causes difficulty interacting and communicating with others? Symptoms appear by age two.
Autism spectrum disorder
58
This condition can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or terrifying event; it is seen in war veterans and people who have been in a natural disaster.
PTSD
59
What condition causes a person to cycle through mania, hypomania, and major depression episodes?
Bipolar disorder
60
Awareness of one's environment, with reference to people, place, and time is
orientation
61
With this condition, a person overeats, which leads to purging.
Bulimia nervosa
62
This assessment is also called neurocognitive testing.
Mental status testing
63
Under HIPAA, psychotherapy notes are treated with higher levels of confidentiality than other health records and need to be stored separately from the patient health record. They are not released with other health records and must be specifically indicated by the patient to be released.
true
64
This type of depression occurs after a female has given birth.
Postpartum depression
65
Afferent nerves are also called
sensory nerves.
66
Efferent nerves are also called
motor nerves
67
The nerve cells that connect efferent and afferent nerve cells are
interneurons
68
Paralysis of the arms, legs, and trunk is
quadriplegia
69
Paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk is
paraplegia.
70
Memory loss is called
amnesia
71
What is a sudden increase of electrical activity in one or more parts of the brain, also called convulsions?
72
What inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes behavioral issues, abnormal movements, and dementia?
Huntington disease
73
What is a deep, often prolonged unconsciousness, usually the result of a head injury, neurologic disease, intoxication, or metabolic abnormalities?
coma
74
A type of brain injury resulting from the hit to the head or body that causes the brain to move rapidly back and forth.
concussion
75
Bruising and swelling of the brain that occurs when small cerebral blood vessels bleed into brain tissue.
cerebral contusion
76
A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, caused by a break in a blood vessel wall is a(n)
D. hematoma.
77
A progressive, neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit an impairment of cognitive functioning (e.g., thinking, reasoning, and memory) is
Alzheimer’s disease
78
What is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremors, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, stooping, masked face, speech changes, and loss of automatic movements?
Parkinson's disease
79
An acute infection caused by the virus that causes chickenpox is
shingles
80
A disorder characterized by recurrent seizures is
epilepsy
81
Inflammation of a specific nerve, causing burning or stabbing pain and numbness in the lower back, hip, buttock, and leg, is
sciatica.
82
What is the condition caused by a blockage in the arterial blood flow to the brain or a rupture of a cerebral artery? It is commonly called a stroke.
A cerebrovascular accident
83
What is the condition caused by a brief blockage to the blood supply in the brain and the patient has symptoms for up to 24 hours?
A transient ischemic attack
84
Sharp, spasm-like pain in a nerve or along the course of one or more nerves is
neuralgia
85
An x-ray procedure that is used to see how the blood flows through the brain. A dye is injected and highlights the blood flow through the brain.
Cerebral angiography
86
What is a disorder in which the individual is unable to do normal activities of living (e.g., eating, dressing, grooming), solve problems, and control emotions?
dementia
87
_____ is an involuntary muscle contraction.
spasm
88
Rhythmic purposeless muscle movements are
tremors
89
Loss of muscle function and/or sensation is called
paralysis
90
What collects information from and returns information to the glands and organs?
Autonomic nervous system
91
What collects information from and returns instructions to the skin, muscles, and joints?
Somatic nervous system
92
This structure is involved with regulating the heart rate, respirations, and the diameter of blood vessels
Medulla oblongata
93
Which statement is incorrect regarding aging and the nerves system? A. Nerve cells break down in the brain and waste products accumulate, which can lead to plaques and tangles to form. B. Nerve impulses become slower. C. Slowing of thought, thinking, and memory is a normal part of aging. D. All older adults have dementia.
D. All older adults have dementia.
94
The combining form for the eye is
ocul/o
95
Double vision is
diplopia
96
Nearsightedness is
myopia
97
Farsightedness is
hyperopia
98
Progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye is
a cataract
99
Blockage of the external auditory canal with earwax is
impacted cerumen
100
Loss of hearing, sometimes resulting from the aging process, is
presbycusis
101
Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane is
otoscopy
102
Inflammation of the middle ear is called
otitis media
103
Damage of the retina as a result of diabetes is called
diabetic retinopathy
104
A degenerative disease marked by difficulty seeing fine details and progressive loss of the center visual field is
age-related macular degeneration
105
A false sensation that you or your environment is spinning or moving is
vertigo
106
The “white of the eye” is called the
sclera.
107
Which structure divides the outer ear and the middle ear and protects the middle ear from foreign objects?
Tympanic membrane
108
Which structure is an ossicle called the “stirrup” and sits next to the oval window?
Stapes
109
Which structure is an ossicle called the “hammer” and is attached to the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
110
Which structure helps to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside environment?
Eustachian tube
111
What procedure uses a variety of pitches and volumes to check the patient’s hearing?
Audiometry
112
Hearing loss from damage to the middle or outer ear is called
conductive hearing loss

MA program QJC (11 decks)

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