Ass 1 Flashcards
The process whereby fabric is finished while spread out on a stenter frame is called the … system.
In the open-width system, the fabric is prepared, coloured or finished with the fabric opened to its full width. Open-width is also used for most fabric drying and heat setting operations. In these operations, the fabric is stretched out on a tenter frame.
The finish in which a cellulosic fabric is treated with sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is called …
Mercerising
The cotton fabric is saturated with a 16 to 24% caustic (sodium hydroxide) solution while being held under tension.
The finish in which a woollen fabric is treated with sulphuric acid is called …
Carbonising
When a sheep moves around in the veld, small pieces of bush or other vegetable matter become entangled in its wool. All of this is not removed by carding. The woollen fibres or fabric are treated with sulphuric or hydrochloric acids. This reduces any vegetable matter left in the wool to carbon which can then be shaken from the wool.
The finish in which silk is treated with metallic salts is called …
Weighting
Weighting is a sizing process applied to silk. Metallic salts are used. Pure silk may not con- tain more than 10% weighting. Excessive weighting causes silk fabrics to crack and split.
The application of colour to a completed garment is called … dyeing.
Product dyeing
An article can be dyed after it has been completed.
Tie-dye, batik and starch paste printing are all examples of … printing.
Resist printing is considered to be the oldest form of printing. Areas of the fabric are pro- tected so that the dye cannot penetrate them. Tie-dye, batik, stencil printing and screen printing are all considered to be forms of resist printing.
Yarns that run lengthwise in a piece of fabric are called …
Warp yarns:
Yarns that run parallel to the selvage, that is, in a lengthwise direction of the fabric (also called ends)
The frame that holds the heddles in position in a loom is the …
Harness:
A frame that holds the heddles in position in a loom; it allows for the raising or lower- ing of groups of yarns to form the shed for weaving
The device that carries the yarn back and forth is the …
Shuttle:
A boat-shaped device that carries the filling yarn back and forth across the shed
The weave characterised by small geometric-type designs is called…
Dobby weave:
A dobby fabric made with a dobby attachment and characterised by small geometric- type designs
The firm open-weave fabric in which pairs of warp yarns are twisted around each other is called …
Leno weave:
A firm open-weave fabric in which pairs of warp yarns are twisted around each other between each filling yarn
Poplin and faile are examples of … weaves.
Rib or cord weave
This is also a variation of plain weave. Heavy yarns are used in either the warp or filling direction, or by grouping yarns in specific areas of the warp or filling, or by having more warp yarns than filling. Examples are broadcloth, poplin, faille, bengaline, grosgrain, dimity and Bedford cloth.
Birdseye and piqué are examples of … weaves
Dobby weave
Dobby weaves have small designs, such as dots or geometric patterns. The designs are angular and repetitive; even floral designs appear geometric. A dobby loom can have as many as 24 to 40 harnesses. Dobby designs are always small and do not make use of long floats. Examples of dobby weave are birdseye, huckaback and piqué.
Which of the following is a reversible fabric done in one colour with a design on a satin-weave background?
Damask is a reversible fabric with a figured design on a satin-weave background, usually only in one colour.
Which one of the following fabrics is not knitted or woven before it is shrunk?
Felt
