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English Language > ASO1 Revision > Flashcards

ASO1 Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 subsystems?

A
  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Lexicology
  • Syntax
  • Discourse
  • Sematics
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2
Q

What is meta-language?

A

language that describes language

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3
Q

What is phonology?

A

study of sound

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4
Q

What is lexicology?

A

study of word classes and parts of speech

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5
Q

What is morphology?

A

study of morphemes and word structure

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6
Q

What is syntax?

A

study of sentences, phrases and clauses

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7
Q

What is discourse?

A

study of all aspects/subsystems in a single piece of text

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8
Q

What is semantics?

A

study of the meaning of words

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9
Q

What are phonemes?

A

speech sounds

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10
Q

What is phonetics?

A

study of classifications of phonemes (speech sounds)

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11
Q

What are the prosodic features?

A

stress, pitch, volume, tempo, and intonation

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12
Q

What is stress?

A

intensity of syllable

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13
Q

What is pitch?

A

relative height of sound, high or low

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14
Q

What is volume?

A

increase or decrease of decibels

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15
Q

What is tempo?

A

speed of intonation (pitch changes)

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16
Q

What is intonation?

A

changes in pitch

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17
Q

What are paralinguistic features?

A

speech features that can only occur in person

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18
Q

What is the IPA?

A

International phonetic alphabet

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19
Q

What is etymology?

A

study of word origins

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20
Q

What is a morpheme?

A

smallest meaningful unit of language

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21
Q

What is a free morpheme?

A

a morpheme that makes sense on their own (free word)

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22
Q

What is a bound morpheme?

A

a morpheme that must be bound to make sense (affix)

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23
Q

What is an inflectional morpheme?

A

bound morpheme that changes grammar of word

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24
Q

What is a derivational morpheme?

A

bound morpheme that changes meaning of word

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25
Q

What is a lexicon?

A

complete set of meaningful vocabulary/language specific to a subject

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26
Q

What is a superlative?

A

adjective that is either best or worst

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27
Q

What are open class words?

A

content words (verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs)

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28
Q

What are closed class words?

A

function words (everything but open class)

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29
Q

What is a phrase?

A

two or more words that do not contain the subject or verb

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30
Q

What is a clause?

A

two or more words that do contain both the subject and verb

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31
Q

What is a main/independent clause?

A

clause that can stand on its own

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32
Q

What is a dependent/subordinate clause?

A

clause that doesn’t make sense without an independent clause

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33
Q

What is a subject?

A

main focus of a sentence, subject noun (often replaced by pronoun)

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34
Q

What is a predicate?

A

the verb and everything after

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35
Q

What are the sentence structure types?

A

simple, compound, complex, compound complex

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36
Q

What is a simple sentence?

A

contains one independent clause

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37
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

contains 2 independent clauses

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38
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

contains one independent and one dependent clause

39
Q

What is a compound-complex sentence?

A

combination of compound and complex, contains at least 3 clauses

40
Q

What are the 4 sentence types?

A

Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative and Exclamative

41
Q

What are declarative sentences?

A

includes a declarative statement

42
Q

What are interrogative sentences?

A

asks a question

43
Q

What are imperative sentences?

A

gives commands or instructions

44
Q

What are exclamative sentences?

A

expresses emotions

45
Q

What are context words?

A

a word that contributes to meaning

46
Q

What are function words?

A

a word that contributes to grammar or function

47
Q

What is the denotative meaning?

A

dictionary definition

48
Q

What is the connotative meaning?

A

slang definition

49
Q

What is a semantic field?

A

group of words related in meaining

50
Q

What is a euphemism?

A

a mild or soft word that replaces a harsh/blunt word

51
Q

What are the modes of language?

A

written/spoken/signed

52
Q

What is figurative language?

A

the use of non-literal phrases to add meaning

53
Q

What is cultural context?

A

aspects of context that relate to the culture the speaker is from, such as attitudes, values and beliefs

54
Q

What is situational context?

A

everything outside of text that influences language used, such as field, tenor, language mode, setting and text type

55
Q

What is setting?

A

where the text occurs in relation to space and time

56
Q

What is text-type?

A

nature of text (eg, article, speech)

57
Q

What is authorial intent?

A

the message/outcome the author intends to convey with the text

58
Q

What is preparedness?

A

amount of preparation in the texts construction

59
Q

What is register?

A

when addressor intentionally alters language to better suit situation (lawyer in court would have a legal register)

60
Q

What is tenor?

A

relationship between the individual and speaker

61
Q

What is audience?

A

intended listeners/readers

62
Q

What is social distance?

A

level of relationship between individual and speaker

63
Q

What is the addresser?

A

person speaking/author

64
Q

What is the addresse?

A

person listening/reading

65
Q

What is a signifier?

A

the word

66
Q

What is a signified?

A

what the word represents

67
Q

What are Jakobson’s 6 functions of language?

A

referential, emotive, poetic, conative, phatic and metalingual

68
Q

What is referential function?

A

the sharing of information

69
Q

What is emotive function?

A

the expression of emotions and desires

70
Q

What is poetic function?

A

the aesthetic composition of language, such as poetry

71
Q

What is conative function?

A

involves directions, questions and commands

72
Q

What is phatic function?

A

polite, often meaningless speech (only done to maintain social connections

73
Q

What is metalinguistic function?

A

talk about language

74
Q

What are the 8 parts of speech?

A

noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection

75
Q

What is a noun?

A

person, place or thing

76
Q

What is a common noun?

A

generic noun

77
Q

What is a proper noun?

A

specific and capitalised noun

78
Q

What is a pronoun?

A

a word that replaces a noun to avoid repeating noun

79
Q

What is a concrete noun?

A

a noun that can be perceived through the sense

80
Q

What is an abstract noun?

A

a noun that cannot be perceived through the sense

81
Q

What is a verb?

A

doing word

82
Q

What is an auxiliary verb?

A

helping be verb, supports the verb

83
Q

What is a modal auxiliary verb?

A

modifies verb to change mode (can, could, will, would)

84
Q

What is an adjective?

A

describing word

85
Q

What is an adverb?

A

word used to modify/describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs

86
Q

What is a preposition?

A

word that express spatial relationship between noun and other element

87
Q

What is a conjunction?

A

linking word/phrase that joins two clauses

88
Q

What is a determiner?

A

a word put in front of a noun to clarify specificity or definiteness (a, an, the)

89
Q

What is an interjection?

A

expressive words that interject a sentence (Wow!, Yikes!)

90
Q

What is elision?

A

deletion of sound
because > cos

91
Q

What is vowel reduction?

A

blending unstressed vowels

92
Q

What is assimliation?

A

blending sounds
handbag > hambag

93
Q

What is insertion?

A

addition of sounds
humbling > humbeling

English Language (5 decks)

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