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cdc yellowbook > Asia > Flashcards

Asia Flashcards

1
Q

should you consider cholera vaccine for travel to Burma?

A

yes if going to active cholera transmission (localized to the divisions of Yangon regions);

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2
Q

which enteric diseases are endemic to Burma?

A

hep A;
Opisthorchiasis (Liver fluke) - caused by Opisthorchis viverrini - enedmic in the Greater Mekong subregion in SE Asia - avoid eating undercooked freshwater fish;
Typhoid

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3
Q

what are respiratory infections in Burma?

A

Avian influenza (avoid visiting bird markets and poultry farms);
TB - among the 20 countries with the highest TB burdens - 338 cases per 100,000;

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4
Q

what are some soil/waterborne infections in Burma?

A

leptospirosis - common;
schistosomiasis - low risk in Bago regions, Rakhine and Shan states

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5
Q

what are some vectorborne diseases in Burma?

A

chikun, deng, zika;
JE - vaccine if long stay >1 month or higher-risk activities;
malaria (certain areas);

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6
Q

is rabies a risk in Burma?

A

yes - one of the highest rates

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7
Q

which snakes are in Burma?

A

Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) and cobra

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8
Q

what is the concern of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Cambodia?

A

endemic and antimicrobial resistance is common.

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9
Q

what is the concern of TB in Cambodia?

A

one of the region’s highest rates of active TB - 46000 cases annually

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10
Q

what is soil/waterborne infections in Cambodia?

A

leptospirosis & melioidosis during rainy season;
schistosomiasis - liver flukes - Schistosoma mekongi are found in Mekong River basin from the border of Laos to Kratie Provice in Cambodia

swimming in freshwater should be avoided

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11
Q

what are vectorborne diseases in Cambodia?

A

chikung, deng, zika;
JE;
malaria (certain area)

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12
Q

is rabies a risk in Cambodia?

A

YES - 400 death annually - if planning extensive travel to rural areas, get vaccine

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13
Q

how many venomous species are found in Cambodia?

A

at least 17 species

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14
Q

which enteric infections are concern in China?

A

Brucellosis - occurs in pastoral areas, particularly the NW - avoid raw or unpasteurized milk and undercooked meat products;
hep E - highly endemic, drinking untreated water, eating undercooked meats, or staying in areas with poor sanitation;
Polio - Pakistan border;
Typhoid - in rural areas

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15
Q

is TB a concern in China ?

A

only moderately endemic-
avoid unpasteurized milk

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16
Q

what STI is a concern in China?

A

drug-resistant gonorrhea is increasingly prevalent

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17
Q

what is soil/waterborne infections in China?

A

schistosomias & leptospirosis

18
Q

what are vectorbone diseases in China?

A

chikung, dengue;
JE;
Plague - sporadically in norther and SW areas;
TBE - NE of china during Mar-Nov - vaccine if outdoor activities during that season

19
Q

is rabies a concern in China?

A

yes!

20
Q

is Cholera a concern in India?

A

yes

21
Q

what are enteric infections in India?

A

cholera, Giardiasis;
Hep E - highly endemic, major cause of acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure, risk during pregnancy/pregnancy outcome;
Typhoid & paratyphoid - even for short-term travel!

22
Q

what are some endemic fungi that cause respiratory infections in India?

A

Aspergillosis - airborne fungi;
cryptococcosis;
histoplasmosis;
mucormycosis - mucorales spp - underlying diabetes mellitus and glucocorticoid steroid use are among the major risk factors for mucormycosis in India

23
Q

is TB a concern in India?

A

yes 25% of all TB from India

24
Q

what is skin infection concern in India?

A

superficial dermatophytosis - fungal strain that is highly resistant to treatment

25
Q

is helminths a concern in India?

A

yes - 65% soil-transmitted helmith infection in SE Asia, 27% of all cases globally;
roundworm - Ascaris lumbricoides;
hookworm - Ancylostoma duodenale and Necatur americanus;
whipworm - trichuris trichiura

26
Q

what are vectorborne diseases in India?

A

chikun, deng, zika;
JE;
Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar) - Visceral leishmaniasis;
Lymphatic Filariasis - Aedes, Anopheles, Culex mosquito spp.;
malaria (certain area);
rickettsial diseases - scrub typhus is the most common;

27
Q

is rabies a concern in India?

A

yes - highest burden of rabies in the world!
And, IG not available in India!

28
Q

which enteric infection is endemic to Nepal?

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis - highly endemic - intestinal protozoal pathogen causing cyclosporiasis –> treat with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;

hep E - endemic

29
Q

what are vectorborne infections in Nepal?

A

Dengue !
JE
Malaria (certain areas)

30
Q

is rabies a concern in Nepal

A

yes! dogs and monkeys

31
Q

which enteric disease is endemic to Thailand?

A

typhoid fever

32
Q

is TB a concern in Thailand?

A

yes - high burden of TB ; immunocompromised travelers for extended visits could be at risk for TB

33
Q

what are soil/waterborne infections in Thailand?

A

leptospirosis & meliodosis

34
Q

where is meliodosis highly endemic to Thailand?

A

NE region

35
Q

what are some vectorbone diseases in Thailand?

A

dengu & zika;
JE;
Malaria;

36
Q

is rabies a concern in Thailand?

A

yes only small risk persists

37
Q

Vietnam reports cases of a variety of trematode infections includig…

A

Fasciola gigantica
Fasciola hepatica
(flukes liver)

Paragonimus genus (lung fluke)

38
Q

what are some concerns of respiratory infection in Vietnam?

A

avia influenza;
TB (high burden and drug resistant TB)

39
Q

what are soil/waterborne infections in Vietnam?

A

leptospirosis (infrequent report);

schistosomiasis is not a risk in Vietnam!

40
Q

what are some vectorborne infection in Vietnam?

A

Dengu, zika
JE
malaria

41
Q

is rabies a concern in Vietnam?

A

75 death per year;
dogs mostly;

cdc yellowbook (26 decks)

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