Asepsis/Infection Control

Question 1

What is the difference between passive and active immunity?

Answer 1

Native (passive): restricts entry of foreign organisms through activation of phagocytic cells which kill microorganisms (ex: skin, mucous membranes, secretions, inflammatory response) WE ARE BORN WITH THIS IMMUNITY
Passive (active): allows the body to make antibodies to a foreign organism, antibodies produced in response to an antigen, produced specific antibodies against specific organism (ex: if you had influenza, you have a passive immunity against influenza)

Question 2

What is the patients first line of defense?

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

What symptoms are present in systemic vs. localized inflammatory?

Answer 3

Systemic: overall body change
1. fever (tachycardia, tachypnea)
2. leukocytosis
3. nausea
4. fatigue
5. enlarged lymph nodes
Localized: doesn’t necessarily mean infection
1. erythema
2. edema
3. function loss
4. heat
5. pain

Question 4

What nursing interventions assist in breaking the chain of infection? Why?

Answer 4

• Medical and Surgical Asepsis
  Medical: reduces the number, growth and spread of microorganisms, hand hygiene, hair wash frequently/pull hair back, PPE, clean working environment
  Surgical: eliminates all microorganisms from an object or area that prevents contamination

Question 5

What is PPE and when is it required?

Answer 5

Protective wear to minimize exposure that may cause serious workplace injuries or illness

Question 6

What is the importance of standard precautions?

Answer 6

Precautions used for all patients and applied to all bodily fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes

Question 7

What type of PPE is required for patients who are on each tier?

Answer 7

Tier 1: standard precautions: mask, eye protection/ face shield if exposed to bodily fluid, gloves
Tier 2: Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precautions
1. Contact: fown, gloves (used within 3 ft from the patient)
2. Droplet: gown mask, gloves (larger than 5 mcg and travel 3-6 ft)
3. Airborne: gown, mask/N95, face shield if exposed to bodily fluids, gloves (smaller than 5 mcg)

Question 8

What is the order for donning PPE?

Answer 8

1. gown
2. mask
3. goggles (if you are exposed to bodily fluid)
4. gloves

Question 9

What is the order for doffing PPE?

Answer 9

1. gloves
2. goggles (if worn)
3. gown
4. mask

Question 10

What type of education is pertinent for the patient and their visitors when on precautions?

Answer 10

To follow the correct precautions

Question 11

What precautions do we take for clients with MRSA?

Answer 11

Contact precautions

Question 12

What are the 6 chains of infections?

Answer 12

1. Causative/ Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host