Asepsis and infection control

Question 1

what are the lines of defense for the body

Answer 1

normal flora, inflammatory, immune

Question 2

what is the normal flora

Answer 2

first line, good bacteria living on or in body fights off bad

Question 3

what is the inflammatory response

Answer 3

2nd line, local response, activates immune response

Question 4

what happens during inflammation

Answer 4

capillaries dilate+ leukocytes infiltrate

Question 5

what is the immune response

Answer 5

initiated by antigen recognition, innate vs adaptive

Question 6

what is innate immunity

Answer 6

nonspecific, immediate, short term

Question 7

what is adaptive immunity

Answer 7

long term, specific, acquired, WBC produce antibodies

Question 8

what are the two ways to get adaptive immunity

Answer 8

vaccines, babies in utero/breastmilk (passive immunity)

Question 9

how does the integumentary system play a role in defense

Answer 9

impermeable to most microorganisms, sweat has low pH: inhibits growth

Question 10

how does the respiratory system play a role in defense

Answer 10

cilia and mucus trap and move foreign bodies, proteins with antimicrobial properties

Question 11

how does the gastrointestinal system play a role in defense

Answer 11

gut flora and low pH of GI tract

Question 12

what is the chain of infection

Answer 12

infectious agent–> source –> portal of exit –> mode of transmission –> portal of entry –> susceptible host

Question 13

which step does hand washing interrupt

Answer 13

mode of transmission

Question 14

what are the stages on infection

Answer 14

incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence

Question 15

what is incubation

Answer 15

time between pathogen entering and presence of 1st symptom

Question 16

what is prodromal

Answer 16

more distinct symptoms

Question 17

what is illness

Answer 17

specific symptoms to infection

Question 18

what is convalescence

Answer 18

symptoms disappear and recovery begins

Question 19

what are risks for infection

Answer 19

poor hand & personal hygiene, compromised/poor defenses, crowded environments, elderly, needle sharing, unprotected sex, travel, smoking, high stress, poor nutrition

Question 20

how are HAI’s costly

Answer 20

prolonged recovery, extended stays, anxiety, pain, loss of earnings, disability

Question 21

what commonly creates HAI’s

Answer 21

medical devices (IV, catheters) transmission, over/misuse of ABX, ICU

Question 22

what is the most effective way of preventing HAI

Answer 22

handwashing

Question 23

what are local symptoms of infection

Answer 23

erythema, warmth, pain/tenderness, drainage, edema

Question 24

what are systemic symptoms of infection

Answer 24

fever, chills, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, lymphadenopathy

Question 25

what is the nursing process (ADPIE)

Answer 25

assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

Question 26

what are the two types of data used in assessment

Answer 26

subjective and objectivew

Question 27

what is subjective data

Answer 27

chief complaint and history, what pt says

Question 28

what is objective data

Answer 28

VS, risk assessment, labs

Question 29

what is the diagnosis aspect of the nursing process

Answer 29

risk for infection, impaired skin integrity, lack of knowledge

Question 30

what is the planning aspect of the nursing process

Answer 30

evaluate available resources and what's realistic for pt, prioritize diagnosis (ABC's or Maslow's), SMART goals

Question 31

what is implementation of the nursing process

Answer 31

INTERVENTIONS use evidence based strategies to break the chain. (hand hygiene, precautions, PPE, asepsis, disinfect/sterilize)

Question 32

What is evaluation of the nursing process

Answer 32

evaluate effectiveness of interventions

Question 33

what is medical asepsis

Answer 33

clean technique, reduce growth/number of microorganisms, PPE, disinfecting, dispose appropriately

Question 34

examples of medical asepsis

Answer 34

gloves in lab, inserting IV

Question 35

what is sterile asepsis

Answer 35

sterile technique, sterile gloves and field, eliminates all microorganism

Question 36

examples of sterile asepsis

Answer 36

urinary catheter insertion, surgeries, central lines

Question 37

what is important about a sterile field

Answer 37

dry, above waist, never turn back, outer 1 inch is not sterile, open items away from you, never reach over

Question 38

what is disinfection

Answer 38

does not remove spores

Question 39

what do germicidal agents disinfect

Answer 39

objects

Question 40

what do antiseptic agents disinfect

Answer 40

skin

Question 41

what is sterilization

Answer 41

removes everything including spores

Question 42

what is physical sterilization

Answer 42

steam, boiling water, radiation, dry heat

Question 43

what are the 5 types of precautions

Answer 43

standard contact, droplet, airborne, enteric, protective

Question 44

what are standard precautions

Answer 44

used with everyone, gloves, clean equiptment, discard needles in sharps, hand hygiene

Question 45

what are contact precautions (MRS WEE)

Answer 45

MRSA, RSV, skin infections, wounds, eye and ear infections,

Question 46

contact precautions

Answer 46

diseases that can spread directly or indirectly

Question 47

what diseases is droplet precautions used for (SPIDERMAN)

Answer 47

strep, pneumonia, influenza, diphtheria, epiglottis , rubella, mumps, adenovirus, pertussis

Question 48

what are droplet precautions

Answer 48

spread by large particles in the air (sneezing, coughing, etc.)

Question 49

what diseases is airborne used for (My chicken Hez TB)

Answer 49

measles, chicken pox (varicella), herpes zoster, TB

Question 50

what are airborne precautions

Answer 50

spread by small droplets that remain suspended in air

Question 51

what special thing do you have to use for airborne

Answer 51

N95 mask

Question 52

what disease is enteric precautions used for

Answer 52

c.diff

Question 53

what is enteric precautions

Answer 53

same as contact plus SOAP AND WATER

Question 54

what is positive air flow used for

Answer 54

protection for patient

Question 55

what is negative airflow used for

Answer 55

protection for nurse/staff/floor