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Nursing Essential: NAT > Asepsis and infection control > Flashcards

Asepsis and infection control Flashcards

1
Q

what are the lines of defense for the body

A

normal flora, inflammatory, immune

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2
Q

what is the normal flora

A

first line, good bacteria living on or in body fights off bad

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3
Q

what is the inflammatory response

A

2nd line, local response, activates immune response

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4
Q

what happens during inflammation

A

capillaries dilate+ leukocytes infiltrate

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5
Q

what is the immune response

A

initiated by antigen recognition, innate vs adaptive

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6
Q

what is innate immunity

A

nonspecific, immediate, short term

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7
Q

what is adaptive immunity

A

long term, specific, acquired, WBC produce antibodies

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8
Q

what are the two ways to get adaptive immunity

A

vaccines, babies in utero/breastmilk (passive immunity)

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9
Q

how does the integumentary system play a role in defense

A

impermeable to most microorganisms, sweat has low pH: inhibits growth

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10
Q

how does the respiratory system play a role in defense

A

cilia and mucus trap and move foreign bodies, proteins with antimicrobial properties

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11
Q

how does the gastrointestinal system play a role in defense

A

gut flora and low pH of GI tract

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12
Q

what is the chain of infection

A

infectious agent–> source –> portal of exit –> mode of transmission –> portal of entry –> susceptible host

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13
Q

which step does hand washing interrupt

A

mode of transmission

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14
Q

what are the stages on infection

A

incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence

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15
Q

what is incubation

A

time between pathogen entering and presence of 1st symptom

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16
Q

what is prodromal

A

more distinct symptoms

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17
Q

what is illness

A

specific symptoms to infection

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18
Q

what is convalescence

A

symptoms disappear and recovery begins

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19
Q

what are risks for infection

A

poor hand & personal hygiene, compromised/poor defenses, crowded environments, elderly, needle sharing, unprotected sex, travel, smoking, high stress, poor nutrition

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20
Q

how are HAI’s costly

A

prolonged recovery, extended stays, anxiety, pain, loss of earnings, disability

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21
Q

what commonly creates HAI’s

A

medical devices (IV, catheters) transmission, over/misuse of ABX, ICU

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22
Q

what is the most effective way of preventing HAI

A

handwashing

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23
Q

what are local symptoms of infection

A

erythema, warmth, pain/tenderness, drainage, edema

24
Q

what are systemic symptoms of infection

A

fever, chills, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, lymphadenopathy

25
Q

what is the nursing process (ADPIE)

A

assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

26
Q

what are the two types of data used in assessment

A

subjective and objectivew

27
Q

what is subjective data

A

chief complaint and history, what pt says

28
Q

what is objective data

A

VS, risk assessment, labs

29
Q

what is the diagnosis aspect of the nursing process

A

risk for infection, impaired skin integrity, lack of knowledge

30
Q

what is the planning aspect of the nursing process

A

evaluate available resources and what’s realistic for pt, prioritize diagnosis (ABC’s or Maslow’s), SMART goals

31
Q

what is implementation of the nursing process

A

INTERVENTIONS use evidence based strategies to break the chain. (hand hygiene, precautions, PPE, asepsis, disinfect/sterilize)

32
Q

What is evaluation of the nursing process

A

evaluate effectiveness of interventions

33
Q

what is medical asepsis

A

clean technique, reduce growth/number of microorganisms, PPE, disinfecting, dispose appropriately

34
Q

examples of medical asepsis

A

gloves in lab, inserting IV

35
Q

what is sterile asepsis

A

sterile technique, sterile gloves and field, eliminates all microorganism

36
Q

examples of sterile asepsis

A

urinary catheter insertion, surgeries, central lines

37
Q

what is important about a sterile field

A

dry, above waist, never turn back, outer 1 inch is not sterile, open items away from you, never reach over

38
Q

what is disinfection

A

does not remove spores

39
Q

what do germicidal agents disinfect

A

objects

40
Q

what do antiseptic agents disinfect

A

skin

41
Q

what is sterilization

A

removes everything including spores

42
Q

what is physical sterilization

A

steam, boiling water, radiation, dry heat

43
Q

what are the 5 types of precautions

A

standard contact, droplet, airborne, enteric, protective

44
Q

what are standard precautions

A

used with everyone, gloves, clean equiptment, discard needles in sharps, hand hygiene

45
Q

what are contact precautions (MRS WEE)

A

MRSA, RSV, skin infections, wounds, eye and ear infections,

46
Q

contact precautions

A

diseases that can spread directly or indirectly

47
Q

what diseases is droplet precautions used for (SPIDERMAN)

A

strep, pneumonia, influenza, diphtheria, epiglottis , rubella, mumps, adenovirus, pertussis

48
Q

what are droplet precautions

A

spread by large particles in the air (sneezing, coughing, etc.)

49
Q

what diseases is airborne used for (My chicken Hez TB)

A

measles, chicken pox (varicella), herpes zoster, TB

50
Q

what are airborne precautions

A

spread by small droplets that remain suspended in air

51
Q

what special thing do you have to use for airborne

A

N95 mask

52
Q

what disease is enteric precautions used for

A

c.diff

53
Q

what is enteric precautions

A

same as contact plus SOAP AND WATER

54
Q

what is positive air flow used for

A

protection for patient

55
Q

what is negative airflow used for

A

protection for nurse/staff/floor

56
Q
A

Nursing Essential: NAT (11 decks)

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