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Nursing Essential: NAT > Advanced Nutrition > Flashcards

Advanced Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 food borne illnesses

A

salmonella, E. coli, shigella, listeria

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2
Q

what are the causes of salmonella

A

undercooked/raw red meat, poultry, chicken, eggs

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3
Q

what are S+S of salmonella

A

HA, fever, cramping, diarrhea, N+V

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4
Q

can salmonella be fatal?

A

yes

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5
Q

what are the causes of E.coli?

A

undercooked/raw meat (hamburger), poor hand hygiene, unpasteurized milk

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6
Q

what are the S+S of e. coli

A

severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea

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7
Q

what are the causes of shigella

A

poor hand hygiene, salads, dairy products

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8
Q

what are the S+S of shigella

A

diarrhea

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9
Q

What are the causes of listeria

A

soft cheese, deli meats, bagged salads, veggies

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10
Q

what does listeria do with fridge/freezer temps and cooking

A

survives fridge/freezer temps, destroyed with cooking

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11
Q

what group of people is listeria at high risk

A

PREGNANT WOMEN cause still birth, miscarriage, immunocompromised

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12
Q

S+S of listeria

A

sudden fever, diarrhea, HA, muscle pain, back pain,

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13
Q

what is the diabetic diet

A

plan w/ dietitian, non-starchy veggies, decrease added sugars + refined grains, decrease processed food

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14
Q

what are the indications of the cardiac diet

A

HTN, cholesterol, atherosclerosis

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15
Q

what is the cardiac diet

A

low in cholesterol and saturated fats and high in fiber + fruits and veggies

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16
Q

examples of saturated fats

A

red meat, bacon, sausage, butter, ice cream

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17
Q

what should be aimed for with fruits and veggies

A

fruit: 1.5-2, veggies: 2-3

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18
Q

examples of heart healthy fats

A

olive oil, avocado, nuts, and seeds

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19
Q

what are some sodium intake reductions

A

canned soups, chips, processed foods

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20
Q

what does the renal diet do

A

restricts potassiums, sodium, protein, and phosphorus intake

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21
Q

indications of the renal diet

A

acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, dialysis

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22
Q

what does the renal diet focus on

A

fresh fruits BESIDES bananas and veggies

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23
Q

what should be limited/avoided in the renal diet

A

meat, processed, peanut butter, cheese, nuts, dark soda

24
Q

why can’t someone have dark soda

A

it has phosphorus

25
Q

what are the different enteral routes

A

Nasogastric tube (NG), nasointestinal tube, percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG) tube, J-tube)

26
Q

what is important with enteral nutrition routes

A

they must have some GI function, have issues with oral intake/consuming enough calories, swallowing difficulties, special need for nutrients, bowel decompression

27
Q

what would happen if GI tract is not used when able

A

mucosal atrophy & pancreatic/biliary dysfunction

28
Q

what is a nasogastric tube (NG)

A

through nose to stomach, short-term (less than 4 weeks), bowel decompression

29
Q

is an NG tube used for low or high aspiration risk

A

low

30
Q

what is a nasointestinal tube

A

through nose to intestine (duodenum or jejunum), long term

31
Q

is the nasointestinal tube used for low or high aspiration risk

A

high

32
Q

what is the percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube (PEG)

A

incision in LUQ of abdomen, long term

33
Q

what pts. do you use PEG tube for

A

neurologically impaired pt (after CVA), esophageal cancer, traumatic injury

34
Q

what is the PEG tube for pediatrics + their benefits

A

button, more comfortable and less likely to pull out –> checking residuals is hard

35
Q

when do you use a jejunostomy (J-tube)

A

aspiration risk is very high

36
Q

where does a PEG tube infuse food to

A

stomach: bypass mouth and swallowing mechanisms

37
Q

what are formulas for

A

selected by dietitian, number represents calories/mL

38
Q

what are the two types of formulas

A

standard and elemental

39
Q

what are the standard formula

A

intact with whole proteins

40
Q

what are the elemental formulas

A

partial or full hydrolyzed: aid in digestion

41
Q

what are the different delivery methods for enteral nutrition

A

continuous drip feedings, cyclic feedings, bolus feedings

42
Q

how long do continuous drip feedings run

A

16-24 hours–> infusion pump: kangaroo pump, flush w H20 every 4-6

43
Q

when is a continuous drip feeding used

A

critically ill and hospitalized

44
Q

how long do cyclic feedings run

A

8-16 hours, during sleeping so pt can eat during day

45
Q

when is cyclic feeding used

A

pts transitioning to oral intake

46
Q

when are bolus feedings used

A

4-6 times daily, 250-400 mL over 15 mins

47
Q

how is bolus feeding typically given

A

typically at home, instilled by gravity with a large syringe

48
Q

what is important to know about enteral tubes

A

must be confirmed with x-ray, check pH after: acidic

49
Q

how do you clean enteral tubes

A

PEG tube: soap, warm water, dry thoroughly, monitor skin breakdown/infection

50
Q

what are the complications of enteral tubes

A

pneumonia, bleeding, PERITONITIS, bowel perforation, infection at insertion site

51
Q

what is peritonitis

A

rigid, board-like abdomen

52
Q

what is the routine maintenance

A

verify bowel sounds, pH, HOB in semi-Fowlers, TF solutions at room temperature, monitor for infection, oral car

53
Q

how often should feeding bad and tubing be changed

A

24 hours

54
Q

what is residual volume

A

stomach contents remaining after feeding

55
Q
A

Nursing Essential: NAT (11 decks)

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