ASD/PFO

Question 1

What are the kinds of atrial septal communications?

Answer 1

PFO

Ostium Primum

Ostium Secundum

Sinus Venosus (SVC and IVC)

Coronary Sinus

Question 2

What is a PFO?

Answer 2

has been referred to when right to left shunting of blood has been demonstrated by Doppler or saline contrast injection without a true deficiency of the IAS

Question 3

What is a stretched PFO?

Answer 3

When a PFO is stretched open by atrial hemodynamics, thus creating a defect in the septum, it is referred to as a ‘‘stretched’’ PFO.

Question 4

Where is the septum primum vs septum secundum in relation to atrial chambers?

Answer 4

Septum primum is on the Right atrial side

Question 5

How does an ostium secundum occur?

Answer 5

True deficiency of septum primum

Question 6

How does an ostium primum occur?

Answer 6

occur as a result a failure of fusion of the endocardial cushions and are within the spectrum of AV septal defects

Question 7

Which ASD exists in the spectrum of AV canal defects?

Answer 7

Ostium Primum

Question 8

What are the cutoffs for atrial septal aneurysms?

Answer 8

defined as excursion of the septal tissue (typically the fossa ovalis) of greater than 10 mm from the plane of the atrial septum into the RA or LA or a combined total excursion right and left of 15 mm