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Brain and Behaviour > Ascending tracts and sensation > Flashcards

Ascending tracts and sensation Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Meissner corpuscle detect?

A

Discriminative touch (rapidly adapting)

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2
Q

What does Pacinian corpuscle detect?

A

Deep pressure & vibration; Mechanoreceptors (distortion). (Rapidly adapting)

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3
Q

What do Ruffini endings detect?

A

Touch; Sheer stress/forces (slowly adapting)

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4
Q

What do Merkel discs detect?

A

Light, sustained touch (slowly adapting)

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5
Q

What do free nerve endings detect?

A

Pain (slowly adapting) & temperature (rapidly adapting)

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6
Q

What do muscle spindles detect?

A

Muscle stretch receptor

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7
Q

What does the primary somatosensory cortex do?

A

Receives contralateral sensory input from the body (including taste)

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8
Q

What does the superior parietal lobe do?

A

Integration of sensory inputs, sensory memory, perception of contralateral self/world

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9
Q

What do association fibres do?

A

Allow one area of cortex to communicate with another area of cortex on the same side of hemisphere

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10
Q

What do commissural fibres do?

A

Allow communication between different hemispheres eg. corpus callosum

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11
Q

What do projection fibres do?

A

Allow communication between brainstem and spinal cord

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12
Q

In Dorsal column, where do 1st order neurons travel to?

A

Nuclei in the lower medulla

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13
Q

In dorsal column, where do 2nd order neurons travel from and to?

A

From nuclei in lower medulla to thalamus

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14
Q

What tract do 2nd order neurons ascend via?

A

A lemniscus

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15
Q

Where do 3rd order neurons travel from and to?

A

From thalamus to primary sensory cortex

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16
Q

What tract do 3rd order neurons ascend via?

A

Internal capsule

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17
Q

Where does decussation occur?

A

In second order neurons

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18
Q

What input does ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) receive?

A

Sensory input from face CN V

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19
Q

What input does ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) receive?

A

Sensory input from body

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20
Q

What type of sensation does dorsal column pathway carry?

A

Discriminative touch & vibration; conscious proprioception

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21
Q

What type of sensation does spinothalamic tract carry?

A

Pain & temperature; simple touch

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22
Q

What type of sensation does spinocerebellar tract carry?

A

Unconscious proprioception

23
Q

What are the two fasciculi found in dorsal column pathway?

A

Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

24
Q

What sensation and from where does fasciculus gracilis carry?

A

Discriminative touch & vibration; conscious proprioception from legs (below T6)

25
Q

What sensation and from where does fasciculus cuneatus carry?

A

Discriminative touch & vibration; conscious proprioception from arms (above T6)

26
Q

What are second order neurons of the dorsal column pathway from the body collectively called?

A

Medial lemniscus

27
Q

What does the fasciculus gracilis synapse onto?

A

Nucleus gracilis in the lower medulla

28
Q

What does the fasciculus cuneatus synapse onto?

A

Nucleus cuneatus in the lower medulla

29
Q

What are second order neurons of the dorsal column pathway from the face collectively called?

A

Trigeminal lemniscus

30
Q

What are the first order neurons in the dorsal column face pathway and where do they synapse?

A

Trigeminal sensory nerves enter pons and synapse in CN V nucleus

31
Q

Where do second order neurons of the dorsal column face pathway ascend to?

A

Ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of the thalamus

32
Q

If the dorsal column in spinal cord is damaged? What will be lost and will it be ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Loss of discriminative touch, vibration and conscious proprioception​ BELOW the level of the lesion​. Ipsilateral.

33
Q

How is the decussation of 2nd order neurons different between the dorsal column pathway and the spinothalamic tract?

A

In dorsal column pathway, 2nd order neurons decussate in the medulla. In STT, 2nd order neurons decussate across the anterior white commissure, 1-2 levels above it’s 1st order neuron entry into the spinal cord.

34
Q

Along which tract do 1st order neurons travel along in the spinothalamic tract?

A

Tract of Lissauer

35
Q

What does the trigeminal lemniscus do?

A

Carries pain, temperature & simple touch (in STT) and discriminative touch, vibration & conscious proprioception (in dorsal column pathway) to the VPM nucleus of the thalamus

36
Q

In the brainstem, the Anterior (ASTT) and Lateral (LSTT) spinothalamic tracts merge & are collectively knowns as?

A

Spinal lemniscus

37
Q

What is syringomyelia and what does it damage?

A

Cavitation/expansion of central canal in cervical region. Damages only decussating neurons of the STT but not the spinothalamic tract itself
Pain, temp and simple touch lost in shaded areas

38
Q

What tracts can the spinocerebellar tract be divided into?

A

Dorsal (Muscle spindles) and Ventral (Golgi tendon reflexes) Tracts

39
Q

What sensation is carried in dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)?

A

Muscle spindles - monitors muscle length, speed of contraction and tension

40
Q

Where does decussation happen in dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)?

A

No decussation. Uncrossed, ipsilateral 2-neuron pathway

41
Q

What do the 1st order neurons of lower limb synapse onto in the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract (DSCT)?

A

Clarke’s Dorsal Nucleus

42
Q

What vertebral levels have Clarke’s Dorsal Nucleus?

A

C8 - L3

43
Q

What is affected in Freidrich’s ataxia?

A

Clarke’s Dorsal Nucleus. Difficulty walking, loss of sensation in arms and legs and impaired speech that worsens over time

44
Q

Where do the 1st order neurons of the upper limb synapse onto in the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract (DSCT)?

A

In the pons

45
Q

Where does the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract (DSCT) travel to?

A

Cerebellum

46
Q

What tract do the 2nd order neurons of the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract (DSCT) travel along?

A

Cuneocerebellar tract

47
Q

Will a cerebellar lesion result in ipsilateral or contralateral symptoms?

A

Ipsilateral

48
Q

What tract carries upper limb sensation in the Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract (VSCT)?

A

Rostral Spinocerebellar tract

49
Q

Where does decussation occur in upper limb tract of VSCT?

A

No decussation

50
Q

Where does decussation occur in lower limb of VSCT?

A

2nd order neuron crosses in the spinal cord and then recrosses in the cerebellum

51
Q

What happens when there is damage to the spinocerebellar tract?

A

Damage to the spinocerebellar tract is rarely seen in isolation. Symptoms normally masked by other motor weakness/paralysis​
​Pure lesions could cause: ​
- Ataxia / malcoordination of motor action​
- Wide-based gait

52
Q

What can cause dorsal column damage?

A 
B12 deficiency
Infarction
Infection
Compression of cord
Tertiary Syphilis
53
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of dorsal column damage?

A

Pseudoathetosis – writhing of digits, hands and feet

Sensory ataxia – leads to positive Romberg sign & stamping gait

54
Q

How can a ventral grey matter tumour affect the STT neurons?

A

Knock out the contralateral, pain/temp but can be SACRAL sparing - due to its somatotopic organisation

Brain and Behaviour (28 decks)

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