AS.10 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound
Molecular formula
Actual whole number ratio of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound
Structural
Minimal detail that shows arrangement
E.g. CH3CH2CH3
Displayed
Drawing all atoms and bonds
Skeletal
Remove hydrogens and form carbon skeleton with additional functional groups
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional groups but with each successive member differing by CH2
Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
Aliphatic
Non aromatic hydrocarbons
Alicyclic
Aliphatic hydrocarbon arranged in rings
Aromatic
Compound containing benzene ring
Saturated
Carbon-carbon single bonds only
Unsaturated
Carbon-carbon double bond containing
Alkene
C=C
-ene
Alcohol
-OH
-ol
Hydroxy-
Pentane-2,3-diene KEEP E
Haloalkane
-Cl, -Br, -I
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-
Aldehyde
O
//
— ——C
\
H
-CHO
-al
Ketone
O
||
C——-C——-C
-C(CO)C-
-one
Carboxylic acid
O
//
——-C
\
OH
-COOH
-oic acid
Structural isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Homolytic fission
Breaking of a covalent bond where both electrons from the bond are shared equally between two atoms forming free radicals
Free radical
Single unpaired electron
Heterolytic fission
Breaking of a covalent bond where both electrons from the bond are shared unevenly between the two atoms forming oppositely charged ions
Curly arrow
Movement of a pair of electrons
