AS FP1 :Consolidation Of Power, Threats (1490-1509) Flashcards
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
At face value, how significant of a threat was Perkin Warbeck to Henry VII?
Without looking at the events of Warbeck’s imposture, it is safe to conclude that Warbeck was, from the start, a serious threat to Henry VII’s dynastic security ; for instance, Warbeck posed a long-term dynastic and economic threat to Henry, he was posing as a claimant with much stronger links to the throne than Henry, and he attracted patronage from foreign rulers - threating Henry diplomatically, economically and dynastically.
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
Who did Warbeck claim to be? How long did this imposture last?
Warbeck claimed to be Richard, Duke of York for the better part of 8 years (1491-1499). Posing a long-term, serious threat to Henry VII.
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
What were Warbeck’s movements between 1491 and 1492 - how did Henry VII counter him?
In 1491 Warbeck landed in Ireland, he soon had to flee and ended up in the court of Charles VIII of France ;
- In response, Henry VII signed the Treaty of Étaples with France, having them promise not to harbour any pretenders to the throne - Warbeck was thus expulsed.
Warbeck fleed in 1492 to the court of Margaret of Burgundy, Margaret recognised him as her nephew and trained him as a true prince and claimant.
Treaty of Etaples was a huge success, showed henry’s diplomatic skills.
Threatened the Cloth trade
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
What did Henry VII do in 1493 to try and pressure Margaret of Burgundy into relinquishing her custody of Warbeck?
In 1493 Henry VII imposed an economically disasterous trade embargo on the Burgundian lands, this resulted in social and economic discontent as Burgundy was the primary market for England’s cloth trade (responsible for 90% of exports).
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
What were Warbeck’s movements between 1495 and 1496? What did Henry VII do to counter him?
Warbeck’s first attempt to land in England in 1495 was a fiasco, Henry’s spy-network proved vital as Sir.Robert Clifford (who had infiltrated Warbeck’s retinue) informed Henry of Warbeck’s intentions and he was aptly defeated.
- Warbeck could not flee to Margaret of Burgundy’s court as Henry had signed the 1496 Magnus Intercursus with the Burgundian lands, restoring trade and ending their support for Warbeck.
Consequently, Warbeck fled to Scotland to James IV’s court. In 1496 a small Scottish Army representing Warbeck crossed the border but quickly retreated.
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
What were Warbeck’s movements in 1497?
After a second failed invasion of England in 1497, Scotland and England signed the Truce of Ayton (1497) and later Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1502) which expelled Warbeck from Scotland.
Warbeck made a final attempt to exploit the Cornish Rebellion but he was crushed and captured. He thus remained in the tower of London.
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
When and why was Warbeck executed?
Henry kept Warbeck alive in the Tower of London from 1497 to 1499, however Warbeck attempted to escape in 1499 alongside the Earl of Warwick ; both were stopped and executed.
The execution of Warbeck allowed for the execution of Warwick, highly significant as it removed a strong claimant to the throne for Henry.
Long-term consolidation of power.
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
What was the economic and diplomatic significance of Warbeck’s imposture?
Warbeck’s threat lasted for 8 years and cost Henry £13,000 (equivilent of £6.4 million now). Warbeck posed a major threat to Henry’s security as it showed the unpopularity of England internationally. Additionally, it delated the marriage of Arthur and Catherine as Ferdinand was unwilling to push through whislt the threat of Warbeck remained.
The Perkin Warbeck imposture
When was William Stanley’s involvement in the Perkin Warbeck imposture uncovered?
The Lord Chamberlain, William Stanley,’s involvement in the Perkin Warbeck imposture was uncovered in 1495.
The Perkin Warbeck Imposture
Why was Stanley’s involvement in the Perkin Warbeck imposture significant?
Conceptual Awarness : The involvement of William Stanley meant that the conspirators had an accomplice at the heart of Henry’s government. Stanley was the lord chamberlain and Henry’s step uncle - he headed the royal household at a time when the royal household was the normal mode of political operation.
Stanley was tried and executed.
The Household was remodeled into the Privy Chamber, in which he could retreat with his most intimate servants - making it even harder to gain his favour. This strengthened Henry’s position as he had a stronger hold on government.
Short-term Failure - Betrayed
Long-term Success - Creation of PC
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
Who were the Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose?
The Earl of Suffolk, Edmund de la Pole, and the White Rose, Richard de la Pole. were the younger brothers of the Earl of Lincoln, John de la Pole, who had been killed in the Battle of Stoke Field 1487.
They wanted revenge against Henry as he had
A ) Killed their brother
B ) Place an attainder on their family + removed their ducal title
C ) They were Yorkists.
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
When did the Earl of Suffolk’s rebellion begin and why?
The Earl of Suffolk’s rebellion began in 1501 when he fled, due to murder charges, to the court of Margaret of Burgundy.
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
What were Suffolk’s aims in the rebellion?
After having fled, Suffolk aimed to raise a foreign army against Henry with the backing of leaders such as Maximillian and Margaret of Burgundy.
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
What was Henry’s immediate response to the Earl of Suffolk Rebellion?
Henry’s immediate reaction was to panic, his fist and third son had passed and the immediate prospects of his dynasty looked bleak.
- Henry responded by sending the Hapsburgs £250,000 for the return of Suffolk (to little to no avail)
- Suffolk’s relations were arrested and imprisoned, Sir James Tyrell was executed in 1502 (removing support for Suffolk within England).
Failure - failed to get custody of suffolk and increased discontent through arrests
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
How did Henry VII achieve custody of the Earl of Suffolk?
Margaret of Burgundy passed in 1503, removing Henry’s most prominent enemy in the Burgundian lands. In 1506, after the shipwreck of Philip in England, Henry was given the Earl of Suffolk under the terms of the Treaty of Windsor.
Suffolk remained in the Tower of London for the rest of Henry’s reign, later executed in 1513.
His brother, Richard de la Pole, had fled also and remained on the continent as the ‘White Rose’ - Henry never captured him and he died sometime during the Battle of Pavia in 1525.
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
What was the significance of the Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose Rebellion?
The Earl of Suffolk rebellion recieved foreign backing, showing its significance as it highlighted the unpopularity and diplomatic isolation of England.
It demonstrated Henry’s paranoia and insecurity about the weakness of his dynasty at the end of his reign - this increased discontent against him.
As many as 51 men were attained by Henry during the Suffolk affair, showing how his growing ruthlessness.
Earl of Suffolk and the White Rose
What was the minor, but long-term, threat that remained after the Suffolk rebellion?
The minor but long-term threat which remained after the Suffolk Rebellion was Richard de la Pole, the White Rose ; Henry was never able to gain custody of him.
However, few Yorkists remained in powerful enough positions to support him - demonstrating Henry’s growing strength and security.
