Arythmie et FA Flashcards

1
Q

Index chronotropique

A

(FC max - FC repos) / (FC max prédite - FC repos)
<80%

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2
Q

Bloc bifasciculaire

A

BBD + HBAG
BBD + HBPG
BBG

Trifasciculaire si PR augmenté

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3
Q

BAV haut grade

A

> /= 2 ondes P bloquées

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4
Q

Maladie du tissu de conduction familial

A

Lev-Lenegre
Gène: SCN5A ou TRPM4

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5
Q

Gène LMNA

A

CMP dilatée

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6
Q

CSNRT

A

Corrected sinus node recovery time after 30 min of rapid atrial pacing
Anormal: >500-550 msec

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7
Q

HV court

A

-WPW
-ESV ou rythme idioventriculaire isorythmique

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8
Q

Risque BAV complet à EPS

A

HV >70 msec (N: 35-55 msec)

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9
Q

Atropine

A

0.5 mg IV q 3-5 min ad 3 mg max

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10
Q

Isuprel

A

1-20 ug/min

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11
Q

Dopamine

A

5-20 ug/kg/min

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12
Q

Adrénaline

A

2-10 ug/min

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13
Q

Choc biphasique

A

QRS étroit régulier: 50-100J
QRS étroit irrégulier: 120-200J (CCS 150J pour FA)
QRS large régulier: 100J
QRS large irrégulier: 200J asynchrone

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14
Q

TV monomorphe

A

Stable: procaïnamide (Ic)
Amiodarone
Sotalol
CVE

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15
Q

TV polymorphe QT normal

A

Défib.
Recherche ischémie
BB - Lidocaïne* - Amiodarone
TV catécholaminergique: BB
Brugada: Isuprel*

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16
Q

Seul Rx en FV

A

Lidocaïne (après défibrillation)

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17
Q

Pause compensatoire ESA

A

Échec de ESA à dépolariser noeud sinusal (2x PP intrinsèque)

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18
Q

Pause non compensatoire ESA

A

ESA dépolariser et reset le noeud sinusal

Souvent dans ESA bloquée

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19
Q

RP court (RP < PR)

A

AVNRT typique (RP<90 msec) - antérograde dans voie lente
AVRT
AVNRT atypique
TAP avec BAV 1e
Tachycardie jonctionnelle

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20
Q

RP long (RP> PR)

A

TS
TAF
Réentrée NS
AVNRT atypique (antérograde voie rapide)
PJRT

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21
Q

Tachy sinusale inappropriée

A

PALPITATIONS +
->90 bpm moyenne sur 24h OU
->100 au repos sans cause primaire

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22
Q

POTS

A

Syndrome de la tachycardie orthostatique posturale

Aug. FC>/= 30 bpm pendant > 30 sec en absence HTO significative (dim. TAs 20 mmHg)

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23
Q

Traitement POTS

A

Exercice physique
Hydratation - NaCl - Bas contention - Fludrocortisone - Midodrine
Ivabradine - Propranolol

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24
Q

CVC en flutter

A

Classe III:
-Ibutilide IV
-Dofétilide PO

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25
Q

Overdrive Flutter

A

Pacing A 5-10% plus rapide que flutter. Retenter en réduisant CL 5-10 msec

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26
Q

TAP (FC 150-250)

A

P + en V1: vient de l’OG (- en aVL)
P - en Va: vient de l’OD (+ ou biphasique en aVL)

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27
Q

Traitement médical TAP

A

BCC ou BB seul
Fléca ou propafénone + BCC/BB
Sotalol
Amio
Overdrive

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28
Q

TAM

A

FR: MPOC, HTP, MCAS/valves, hypoMg, théophylline
Tx: BCC ou amio, Mg+

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29
Q

Adénosine

A

6 mg IV en 1-2 secondes
12 mg IV après 1-2 min répétable x1

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30
Q

Traitement AVNRT

A

BB - BCC - Ic - III

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31
Q

Ablation AVNRT

A

Voie lente: inf-post au NAV (entre anneau septal IC et ostium sinus coronaire)

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32
Q

Faisceau WPW malin

A

Période réfractaire < 240 msec

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33
Q

Faisceau à risque

A

RR <250 msec en FA pré-excitée
Faisceaux accessoires multiples
AVRT inductible
AVRT précipitant FA pré-excitée
Période réfractaire du faisceau 240 msec

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34
Q

PJRT

A

Permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia:
-AVRT ortho incessante sur faisceau postero-septal D>G avec conduction rétrograde lente

P - en II-III-aVF

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35
Q

ECG Fasceau de Mahaim

A

AVRT QRS large morpho BBG, transition précordiale tardive

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36
Q

CHADS (risque annuel AVC)

A

0 - 1.9%
1 - 2.8%
2 - 4.0%
3 - 5.9%
4 - 8.5%
5 - 12.5%
6 - 18.2%

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37
Q

Substrats FA

A

Non-modifiables: âge et sex
Modifiables: HTA, AOS, obésité
Induit par FA: remodelage électrique et structurel

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38
Q

Established Risk Factors - AFib

A

  Advancing age
  Male sex
  Hypertension
  HF with reduced ejection fraction
  Valvular heart disease
  Overt thyroid disease
  Obstructive sleep apnea
  Obesity
  Excessive alcohol intake
  Congenital heart disease (eg, early repair of atrial septal defect)

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39
Q

Emerging Risk Factors - AFib

A

  Prehypertension and increased pulse pressure
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  HF with preserved ejection fraction
  Subclinical hyperthyroidism
  Coronary artery disease
  Morphometric (increased height, increased birth weight)

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40
Q

Potential Risk Factors

A

  Familial/genetic factors
  Tobacco use
  Left atrial dilatation
  LV hypertrophy
  Inflammation
  Diabetes
  Pericardial fat
  Subclinical atherosclerosis
  Chronic kidney disease
  Excessive endurance exercise
  Electrocardiographic (atrial conduction delay, PR interval prolongation)

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41
Q

Chimio qui cause FA

A

Ibrutinib (anti-TK)

42
Q

Triggers of AF

A

Stimulants
ROH
Sleep deprivation
Emotional stress
Exertion
Sleep
Digestive

43
Q

CCS SAF Score

A

Severity of Atrial Fibrillation

0: Asx
1: minimal effect on QOL (single episode or minimal/no Sx)
2: minor effect (rare episodes with mild awareness of Sx)
3: moderate impact; more than every few months
4: unpleasant Sx; frequent; HF or syncope

44
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors - AFib

A

-Tabac et ROH <1 die (abstinence in some patients)
-Exercise: 30 min moderate 3-5 times per week (>200 min). 2-3 times resistance training.
-BP <130/80 (<200/100 at peak exercise): IECA/ARA might be preferred
-OSA: CPAP is AHI>15/h
-Db <7.0%
-Poids: perte >10% et BMI <27

45
Q

Dabigatran 110 mg po BID

A

Age ≥80 years,
≥75 years with other bleeding risk factors including CrCl 30-50mL/min (

46
Q

Apixaban 2.5 mg po BID

A

2 of the 3:
1) age ≥80 years,
2) body weight ≤60 kg, or
3) serum creatinine ≥133 mol/L

47
Q

Edoxaban 30 mg po die

A

CrCl 30-49 ml/min
<60 kg
Utilisation inhibiteur glycoprotéine P (verapamil, quinidine, dronédarone)

48
Q

Xarelto

A

20 mg po die CrCl >50 ml/min
15 mg po die CrCl 30-49 ml/min

49
Q

Renal function monitoring - AFib

A

> 60 ml/min: q12 months
30-60 ml/min: q6 months
15-30 ml/min: q3 months (stage 4)

50
Q

DOAC with antiplatelet

A

-Apixaban 5 mg po BID
-Xarelto 15 mg po die (10 mg po die si IRC)
-Edoxaban 60 mg po die (30 mg po die si <60 kg, CrCl <50 ml/min)
-Dabigatran 110 ou 150 mg po BID
-Coumadin INR 2.0-2.5

51
Q

DOAC in triple therapy

A

Apixaban 5 mg po BID
Xarelto 2.5 mg po BID
Coumadin INR 2.0-2.5

52
Q

DOAC et hépatopathie - AFib

A

CI si:
-Child-Pugh C
-Cirrhose avec coagulopathie significative

Si IH sévère et INR <1.7, considérer coumadin

53
Q

AFib in CHD

A

DOAC in simple or moderate CHD w/o recent cardiac surgery <3 months, mechanical valve, AV valve stenosis with enlarged and diseased atria

54
Q

AFib in CHD

A

Severe CHD (cyanotic or single ventricle physiology): WARFARINE

55
Q

High risk bleeding procedures

A

  Any surgery or procedure with neuraxial (spinal or epidural) anaesthesia
  Neurosurgery (intracranial or spinal)
  Cardiac surgery (eg, CABG, heart valve replacement)
  Major vascular surgery (eg, aortic aneurysm repair, aortofemoral bypass)
  Major orthopaedic surgery (eg, hip/knee joint replacement surgery)
  Lung resection surgery
  Urological surgery (eg, prostatectomy, bladder tumour resection)
  Extensive cancer surgery (eg, pancreas, liver)
  Intestinal anastomosis surgery
  Reconstructive plastic surgery
  Selected procedures involving vascular organs (eg, kidney biopsy,
prostate biopsy)
  Selected high bleed risk interventions (eg, colonic polypectomy, spinal
injection, pericardiocentesis)

56
Q

Low to moderate risk bleeding

A

  Abdominal surgery (eg, cholecystectomy, hernia repair, colon resection)
  Other general surgery (eg, breast)
  Other intrathoracic surgery
  Other orthopaedic surgery
  Other vascular surgery
  Non-cataract ophthalmologic surgery
  Gastroscopy or colonoscopy with biopsies
  Coronary angiography*
  Selected procedures with large-bore needles (eg, bone marrow biopsy,
lymph node biopsy)
  Complex dental procedure (eg, multiple tooth extractions)

57
Q

PPI in antithrombotic

A

ASA, >60 years old and one risk factor of bleeding

58
Q

Anticoagulation after stroke

A

TIA: 24h
NIHSS <8: >/=3j
NIHSS 8-15: >/= 6j
NIHSS >16: >/= 12j

Other factors: moderate ischemic stroke on CT, hemorragic transformation, advanced age, uncontrolled BP, coagulopathy

59
Q

Faster Aco after stroke

A

LAA thrombus/stasis
Ventricle thrombus
Mechanical valve
Hypercoagulability

60
Q

LAA occlusion

A

Moderate to high risk stroke with CI to Aco:
-recurrent nontraumatic
-intracranial bleeding with high risk of recurrence, -recurrent irreversible pulmonary bleed,
-recurrent irreversible urogenital bleed,
-recurrent irreversible GI bleed,
-recurrent irreversible retroperitoneal bleed,
-esophageal varices,
-intraocular bleeds,
-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

61
Q

Rhythme control in persistent AFib

A

Recent dx <1 an
Induced CMP
Difficulty achieving good rate control
Highly symptomatic or effect on QOL
Multiple recurrence

62
Q

Digoxine

A

FR: female, low weight, CKD
Target with EF <40%: 0.5 à 0.9 ng/mL

63
Q

CI Ibutilide

A

Prolonged QTc (>440 ms),
History of HF (typically defined as clinically symptomatic NYHA classification > II),
Reduced EF,
Signs of an ACS,
Low serum potassium or magnesium levels.

ES: TdeP et TV(NS)

64
Q

Strict target for HR in AFib

A

-Induced CMP
-CRT
-HF
-Mitral stenosis
-Angina

65
Q

Rhythm control in CAD

A

Amiodarone
Sotalol
Dronedarone

66
Q

CVC in WPW

A

IV procaïnamide
IV ibutilide

67
Q

FAAG

A

-Warfarin + ASA x45j puis ASA-plavix ad 6 mois puis ASA seule
-ASA-Plavix 1-6 mois puis ASA seule

Si chirurgicale: poursuivre Aco***

68
Q

HASBLED

A

Hypertension >160
Abnormal LFT ou renal function (créat >200)
Stroke
Bleeding disorders
Labile INR
Elderly > 65
Drugs or ROH (>8/j)

3 pts = 3.74% risque annuel sgt majeur

69
Q

PJRT

A

Permanent Form of Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia

AVRT orthodromique incessante. Faisceau avec conduction unidirectionnelle rétrograde lente. Postéro-septale D>G. R-P long. P négative en II, III, aVF.

70
Q

Coumadin en FA

A

FA valvulaire [sténose mitrale modérée à sévère (rhumatismale ou non) et valve mécanique]
Congénital modéré à sévère (Fontan, cyanogène)
Échec au DOAC
Cirrhose Child-Pugh C

71
Q

OAC en congénital

A

Léger à modéré: NACO >VKA en absence de chx cardiaque récente (<3 mois), valve mécanique, sténose valve AV avec oreillettes dilatée et malade

72
Q

Études DOAC vs coumadin

A

Dabigatran: RELY (110 mg non inf. AVC; dim. sgt)
Rivaroxaban: ROCKET-AF (non-infx, sgt idem)
Apixaban: ARISTOTLE (sup. pour AVC; seul avec dim. mortalité totale)
Edoxaban: ENGAGED-AF (30 mg tendance aug. AVC, dim. sgt, dim. mortalité totale)

73
Q

Pill in the pocket

A

Temps ad conversion moyen: 2-6 heures
Temps monitoring requis: 6h post administration pour la 1re dose
Effets secondaires; hypoTA, bradycardique, FLA conduction 1:1, arythmie ventriculaire
À éviter si : MCAS, insuffisance cardiaque, hypoTA et Brugada

74
Q

BB - Pas d’accumulation IRC

A

Timolol
Propranolol
Pindolol
Métoprolol
Esmolol
Labétalol
Carvédilol

75
Q

BB - Cardiosélectifs

A

Aténolol
Métoprolol
Bisoprolol
Esmolol
Acébutolol

76
Q

Bloc rate dependant

A

Tachycardia-related LBBB is believed to be caused by a defect in phase 3 (ie, repolarization) conduction at faster rates, whereby impulses are delayed or blocked entirely when they fall in the refractory period of the action potential.

77
Q

ECG coeur d’athléte - Caractéristiques

A

-Increased vagal tone: sinus bradycardia, first degree atrioventricular block, rythme jonctionnel
-Increased chamber size: LVH, HOG, HOD
-Early repolarization pattern

78
Q

TV monomorphe stable HD

A

Procaïnamide IV

79
Q

Onde P bloque - Type de pause

A

Non compensatoire (redémarre le NS)

80
Q

Qu’est-ce qui peut donner #P > #QRS

A

Flutter
TAP

81
Q

Arythmie qui ralentit sans s’arrêter avec adénosine

A

TS
TAP
FA/FLA
Tachycardie jonctionnelle non paroxystique*

82
Q

Quelle TV répond à adénosine?

83
Q

Tachy sinusale inappropriée - Mécanisme

A

Automaticité augmentée NS
Hypersensibilité béta
Activité parasympathique diminuée

84
Q

Maintien flutter en RS - Rx

A

Sotalol
Amio
Dofétilide

85
Q

Onde P d’un faisceau latéral G

86
Q

Fasceau de Mahaim

A

VD latéral G antérograde seul* avec conduction décrémentielle

87
Q

Types de FA

A

Paroxystique <7j
Persistente >7j
Persistente longue durée >12 mois
Permanente: décision pas de convertir
FA valvulaire: valve mécanique ou SM >/= modérée

88
Q

Études - IVP en IC

A

CASTLE-AF
AATAC-AF

Dim. mortalité et H vs AAA

PABA-CHF: supérieur vs CRT et ablation NAV

89
Q

Taux de succès IVP

A

60-75% 1e fois
75-90% 2e fois

90
Q

CI IVP

A

Thrombus OG

91
Q

Complications IVP

A

5-7% total

Vasculaire: 1-2%
Perforation/tamponnade: 1-2%
TE: 1%
Sténose VP: <0.5%
FLA
Fistule atrio-oesophagienne

92
Q

Fistule atrio-oesophagienne

A

Triade infx + DRS +AVC/AIT.
Dx: CT Thoracique C+. Éviter gastroscopie

93
Q

Aco pour IVP

A

Garder coumadin et NACO périprocédure, puis min 2 mois, puis selon CHADS

94
Q

Renverser coumadin

A

-4F-PCC (concentré de complexe prothrombinique): 25-50 U/kg
Beriplex, etc.
-Vitamine K 10 mg (max 1mg/min)
-Plasma frais congelé: 8 unités si PCC non dispo

95
Q

Excrétion rénale Naco

A

Apix 25%
Xarelto 33%
Edox 50%
Dabi 80%

96
Q

Saignements sous NACO - PeC

A

-Idarucizumab pour dabigatran
-Andexanet alfa pour anti-Xa (dose selon dernière dose de Naco)
-4F-PCC: 50 U/kg IV si antidote non disponible

97
Q

FAAG - Études

A

PROTECT-AF et PREVAIL avec Watchman

98
Q

FAAG - Régime ntithrombotique

A

DAPT 6 mois puis ASA seule

99
Q

Traitement FA pré-excitée

A

Ibutilide
Procaïnamide
CVE

100
Q

FA sub-clinique - définition

A

> /= 6 min sur device. Aco si >=24h

101
Q

HEAD to TOES

A

HF
Exercice
Arterial HTN
Db

Tabacco
Obesity*
Ethanol
Sleep apnea

102
Q

AF target and strict target

A

<100 bpm

Strict:
-HF
-CMP-tachyarythmique
-Sx
-Risk of ICD inappropriate shock
-CRT to optimize pacing