Artikelen + lecture week 6 Flashcards
What is social cognition?
Processing of social information in the brain that underlies abilities such as the detection of others’ emotions and responding appropriately
What are common social cognitions complaints?
Poor Theory of Mind (ToM), reduced affective empathy, impaired social perception or abnormal social behaviour
What is theory of mind?
The ability to understand the mental states of others and to appreciate that these mental states might differ from our own
Social cognition impairments rarely occur in isolation; they are often accompanied by impairments in…?
perception, language and executive function
OFC: lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are associated with?
Disinhibited social behaviour
ACC: lesions in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are associated with?
Motivational and emotional behavioural disturbances
TPJ: damage to the temporoparietal junction disrupts the ability to?
View a situation from another person’s perspective and is linked to abnormal moral reasoning
Schizophrenia shows the following social cognitive impairments:
Difficulty in maintaining relationships with family and friends, disengagement from socially important activities and poor self-care. The ToM is central in understanding the poor social functioning in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia patients show poor performance on:
False belief tasks, comprehend speech with a hidden meaning (sarcasm) and facial expressions.
People with autism can show deficits in:
Communication skills and social interaction, maladaptive emotional reactions and reduced affective empathy
Social impairment in AD is characterized by?
Problems in managing behaviour, increased agitation and poor relationships interpreting cues to emotional states, thus having problems with identifying others’ emotions
The Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (FrSBe) is used for?
Differentiating between FTD and AD (FTD scores higher)
What are the effects of synchronizing movements in time with other people on social attitudes and behaviors?
Synchronizing movements can promote affiliative attitudes, cooperative behaviors, greater liking, and greater trust.
What is the role of VR in isolating the role of synchrony in bonding effects (and thus solely measure synchrony and nothing else)?
VR is a solution to isolate the role of synchrony in bonding effects by representing the participant with a first-person perspective and programming the other avatars to mirror the participant’s movements.
What is the content of T-ScEmo for patients with TBI?
T-ScEmo is aimed at improving social cognition, regulation of social behavior and participation in everyday life and consists of 20 one-hour individual sessions incorporating three modules: emotion perception, perspective taking and ToM, and regulation of social behavior.
What are the three aspects of social cognition?
- Perceiving social information (visual, auditory, semantic)
- Understanding social information (ToM)
- Regulation of social behavior (adjust and inhibit)
What is meant by postive and negative behaviors?
Positive behaviors: added behavioral symptoms. For example: disregarding personal boundaries, aggression, rude comments, temper outbursts.
Negative behavrios: lacking behaviors that you would normally expect. For example: avoiding social contact altogether, lack of appropriate responses.
Damage in which specific areas lead to impairments in social cognition?
Orbitofrontal or ventromedial prefrontal
People with fronto-temporal syndromes show impaired performance on tasks in which they have to?
View facial emotions and identify these emotions
When speaking of the ‘clinical presentation’ of social cognition impairments, 1 or more of the following symptoms should be present:
- Poor social perception;
- Impaired ToM (judging someone else’s mental state);
- Reduced emotional empathy (responding to someone else’s
mental state); - Abnormal social behavior.
What are the different forms of FTD?
- Behavioral FTD: primary symptom is loss of social cognition;
- Semantic dementia: fluent, grammatically correct speech but problems in comprehension;
- Progressive nonfluent aphasia: nonfluent speech production;
- Cortico-basal syndrome: movement disorders (also referred to Parkinson’s plus syndrome).
Diagnosis of ASD is based on behavior symptoms:
Communication problems, repetitive behaviors, difficulty with changing routine and altered sensory processing
What are common testing methods for measuring social cognition?
FEEST: Facial Expression of Emotion – Stimuli and Tests: includes different stimuli and tests (e.g., Ekman 60 faces test).
Faux Pas: includes written/spoken scenarios and questions about social acceptability
TASIT: The Awareness of Social Inference test: videotaped vignettes: measures emotional evaluation and social inference.
ERT: Emotion Recognition Test: video material with facial expressions of different intensities
Yeates (2014) identified 3 different approaches that can be used to treat social cognition impairments:
- Explicit skills training methods: it is important to test the transfer of these skills to real-life settings.
- Embodied/affective methods: e.g., match facial expressions, monitoring own bodily feelings.
Goal: to get a better understanding of emotional responses. - Relational approached: e.g., include spouse or children or parents in the therapy.
What is interpersonal synchrony?
Moving together in time. Interpersonal synchrony affects social aspects. It can be easily manipulated by using VR
