Artificial Insemination Flashcards
Artificial Insemination
Methods by wich the conception and circulation of the fetus is achieved by means of technology. (sperm directly into cervix, fallopian tube, uterus).
- simple
- economical
- successful
Artificial Insemination By Husband/ Homologous Insemination (AIH)
Mild male factor, subfertility.
Artificial Insemination By Donor/ Heterologous Inseminaion (AID)
Women with no male partner.
(ICI) Intra Cervical Insemination
- monitoring a woman’s ovulation cycle
- donation of the sperm
- insert the sperm through the vagine with a special syringe
- lie down for 15-30 min
(IUI) Intra Uterine Insemination
steps similar to ICI but additional step: the semen is prepared and is more concentrated. Must be done at least 3 times.
(IVF) In Vitro Fertilization
Happens outside of the body, in a lab and the embryos are transfered into the woman’s body. 25% more likely to have multiple pregnancies because of the fertility medications. Safest method, smallest amount of drugs administrated.
History milestones
Lazzaro Spallanzani: 1st A.I: dog giving birth to 3 puppies.
John Hunter: 1st A.I in humans
Louise Joy Brown “test tube baby”
Advantages
Ability to infertile couples to have kids, crypopreservation technique, post moterm fertilization
Disadvantages
Only women up to 50 can attempt A.I.
No clear legal framework in all countries so the limits of science intervention are unclear.
Risks
- Ovarian Hyper Stimulation syndrome
- Complications by anesthesia
- Ovarian or vasular edema
- Multiple gestation
Psychological Support
Control anxiety and stress, make the right decisions, positive thoughts, get over possibple failures, supportive departments in clinics, educated stuff.
A.I in older women
reaching higher education rates, establishing a career, improved methods of contraception, inflexible workplce policies, economic uncertainty, unemployment, infertility, lack of partner.
A.I in younger women
suffering from malignancy, not being ready, family history of premature ovarian failure
Maternal and Paternal Age
Maternal:
1. The declining quality of the eggs is responsible for higher rates of miscarriage
2. Higher risk of stillbirth
Paternal:
3. De novo autosomal dominant disorders, impaired neurocognitive development, increased risk of malignancy
Legislations
Only for heterosexual couples, marriage or cohabition agreement, donors of genetic material up to 40.
Not for sex selection or cloning.
