Articular Skeleton Test

Question 1

Range of motion (ROM) is the specific flexibility or limitation of a joint based on ______ and ________. Injury and disease processes can alter ROM.

Answer 1

Shape/ ligaments

Question 2

Fixed/ immovable joint

Answer 2

no movement, either completely fused or has small amount fibrous tissue in between.

Question 3

Fixed/ immovable joint examples

Answer 3

Sutures, teeth

Question 4

semi-movable joint

Answer 4

Minimal movement, some stretch and bend only.

Question 5

semi-movable joint examples

Answer 5

Intervertebral disc, synthesis pubis

Question 6

Synovial joint

Answer 6

fully movable, encased in capsule with synovial fluid inside, hyaline cartilage at ends of bones.

Question 7

Synovial joint examples

Answer 7

Knee, elbow, hip, etc.

Question 8

Bursae

Answer 8

sacs filled with synovial fluid that cushion areas between bones and skin, muscles or tendons.

Question 9

Bursae inflammation name

Answer 9

Bursitis

Question 10

Types of synovial joints

Answer 10

1. Ball-and-socket
2. Hinge
3. Condyloid
4. Saddle
5. Pivot
6. Gliding

Question 11

Ball-and-socket

Answer 11

all directions; hip and shoulder

Question 12

Hinge

Answer 12

one direction; elbow, knee, phalanges

Question 13

Condyloid

Answer 13

all directions except rotation; ankle, wrist, digits

Question 14

Saddle

Answer 14

only at thumb metacarpal to carpal joint

Question 15

Pivot

Answer 15

turn on single axis; head, radius at proximal ulna

Question 16

Gliding

Answer 16

smooth back and forth motion; vertebrae

Question 17

Flexion

Answer 17

Decrease the angle between bones.

Question 18

Extension

Answer 18

Increase the angle between bones.

Question 19

Hyperextention

Answer 19

Goes past anatomical position.

Question 20

Hyperextention

Answer 20

Goes past anatomical position.

Question 21

Abduction

Answer 21

Movement away from midline.

Question 22

Adduction

Answer 22

Movement towards midline.

Question 23

Rotation

Answer 23

Circular movement on one axis.

Question 24

Circumduction

Answer 24

Circular movement creating a “cone” shape, circumscribes circle at distal end.

Question 25

Supination

Answer 25

(Only wrist/forearm) ulna/radius are parallel

Question 26

Pronation

Answer 26

(Only wrist/forearm) ulna/radius are crossed.

Question 27

Eversion

Answer 27

(At ankle/foot only) sole of foot outwards.

Question 28

Inversion

Answer 28

(At ankle/foot only) sole of foot inwards; “rolling” the ankle.

Question 29

Protraction

Answer 29

Body part forward, parallel to ground.
Ex. Head, jaw.

Question 30

Retraction

Answer 30

Body part backward, parallel to ground.
Ex. Head, jaw.

Question 31

Elevation

Answer 31

(Shoulders only) raising part of body, “shrug”.

Question 32

Depression

Answer 32

(Shoulders only) lowering part of body.

Question 33

Plantar flexion

Answer 33

(Ankle/foot only) toes downward, “planting” them.

Question 34

Dorsiflexion

Answer 34

(Ankle/foot only) toes upwards.

Question 35

Rheumatoid arthritis age of onset

Answer 35

Late teens/early 20s

Question 36

Rheumatoid arthritis cause

Answer 36

Autoimmune destruction of joint.

Question 37

Rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Answer 37

1. Immunosuppressants
2. anti-inflammatory/pain meds.

Question 38

Osteoarthritis age of onset

Answer 38

60+

Question 39

Osteoarthritis cause

Answer 39

Damage/wear and tear on joint.

Question 40

Osteoarthritis treatment

Answer 40

Anti-inflammatory and pain meds.

Question 41

Gout age of onset

Answer 41

30s and 40s

Question 42

Gout cause

Answer 42

Accumulation of uric acid in the joint.

Question 43

Gout treatment

Answer 43

Diet and meds.

Question 44

Description of herniated disc

Answer 44

Cause: Improper lifting or degeneration can lead to disc herniation.
Appearance: A bulging disc pressing on nearby nerves in imaging studies.
Treatment: Physical therapy and, in severe cases, surgery.

Question 45

Describe arthroscopic surgery

Answer 45

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure using a small camera
(arthroscope) and specialized tools to diagnose and treat joint issues. It involves small incisions, resulting in less pain, faster recovery, and minimal scarring.