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SA Parasitology > Arthropods > Flashcards

Arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

Lifecycle stages of the mosquito

A

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

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2
Q

Mosquito family

A

Family Culicidae

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3
Q

Mosquito subfamilies

A

Anopheline and Culicine

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4
Q

Anopheline vector

A

Plasmodium spp.

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5
Q

Culicine vectors cause which diseases?

A

Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, West Nile Encephalitis

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6
Q

Mosquito control (4 methods)

A
  1. Larvivorous fish
  2. “Beneficial” mosquito larvae
  3. Sticky mustard seeds
  4. Draining breeding sites
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7
Q

Myiasis

A

Infection with fly larva

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8
Q

Facultative myiasis

A

Eggs deposited in contaminated wounds sometimes, but they don’t have to be

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9
Q

Species that engage in facultative myiasis

A

Calliphora, Phormia, Lucilia, Cochliomyia macellaria (blow flies or bottle flies)

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10
Q

Obligatory myiasis

A

MUST use animal host to complete lifecycle

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11
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax common name

A

Screwworm

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12
Q

Is Cochliomyia hominivorax a reportable bug?

A

Yes, must report to APHIS

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13
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis (Facultative or obligatory)

A

Obligatory

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14
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax diagnosis and treatment

A

Larval ID, remove larva to treat

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15
Q

Cuterebra spp. obligatory or facultative myiasis

A

Obligatory

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16
Q

Cuterebra spp. hosts

A

cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents

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17
Q

Are Cuterebra spp. adults parasitic?

A

No

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18
Q

Cuterebra spp. pathogenesis

A

Cysts and swellings - secondary infections

Larval migrations - cerebrospinal cuterebriasis

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19
Q

Cuterebra spp. diagnosis

A

Larval ID

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20
Q

Cuterebra spp. treatment

A

Surgically remove larva
Fipronil or imidacloprid (larva on haircoat)
Ivermectin, milbemycin, selamectin may kill larva that are migrating

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21
Q

Pediculiasis

A

Infestation of lice

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22
Q

Order Anoplura and Mallophaga characteristics

A

Stenoxenous (narrow host range), permanent ectoparasite, simple metamorphosis

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23
Q

Common name for lice in Order Mallophaga

A

Chewing lice

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24
Q

Mallophaga spp. hosts

A

birds or mammals

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25
Q

Common Mallophaga spp. and their hosts

A
  1. Trichodectes canis –dog

2. Felicola subrostratus – cat

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26
Q

Anoplura common name

A

biting lice

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27
Q

Anoplura spp. hosts

A

mammals only

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28
Q

Common Anoplura species found on dogs

A

Linognathus setosus

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29
Q

Mallophaga and Anoplura treatment

A

Selamectin, fipronil, imidacloprid, carbaryl shampoos, sprays, dips

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30
Q

Type of parasite in Order Siphonoptera

A

Fleas

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31
Q

Common flea of dogs and cats

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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32
Q

Rare flea of dogs and cats

A

Ctenocephalides canis

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33
Q

Where does the majority of the flea lifecycle take place

A

Off the host

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34
Q

Flea eggs

A

Laid on host, but quickly fall off, hatch 2-16 days

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35
Q

Flea larvae

A

7-10 days, 2 molts, susceptible to heat and dessication

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36
Q

Flea pupae

A

Completed in 4 days, but can be prolonged to 174 days

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37
Q

Flea adults

A

Mate once, begin feeding within 1 hour of arriving on host

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38
Q

Cause of flea allergy dermatitis

A

Biting fleas introduce salivary proteins (antigens)

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39
Q

Onset of flea allergy dermatitis

A

3-5 years of age, most commonly

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40
Q

Geography of flea allergy dermatitis lesions

A

Lumbo-sacral region, caudal thighs, proximal tail, ventral abdomen

41
Q

Characteristics of flea allergy dermatitis lesions

A

Papules, crusts, alopecia

Secondary infections common

42
Q

Host targeted insecticides as part of flea control

A

Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs), Insect Development Inhibitors (IDIs), adulticides

43
Q

Integrated flea control

A

Combination of mechanical and chemical means targeting both the animal and its environment

44
Q

Environmental insecticides

A

target areas visited by wildlife

IGNORE sun-lit spaces

45
Q

Mechanical flea control

A

Indoors: vacuum, wash pet bedding
Outdoors: remove vegetation, litter, prevent wildlife from entering

46
Q

Animals in Order Acarina

A

Ticks and mites

47
Q

Tick diseases reportable to APHIS

A

Lyme, monocytic Ehrlichiosis, granulocytic

Anaplasmosis, RMSF, tularemia

48
Q

Tick paralysis

A

Ascending, flaccid paralysis caused by neurotoxin in tick saliva
Reversible if tick is removed

49
Q

Tick lifecycle stages and time to completion

A

Egg, larva, nymph, adult

Entire cycle can take 6 weeks to 3 years

50
Q

Transstadial transmission

A

disease/pathogen acquired during one life stage stays with the tick and can be passed in another

51
Q

Transovarial transmission

A

disease/pathogen passed from female to developing offspring

52
Q

Family Ixodidae vs. Argasidae

A

Ixodidae - hard ticks, scutum

Argasidae - soft ticks, NO scutum

53
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus common name

A

Brown dog tick

54
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus hosts

A

3 host tick

55
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus geographic location

A

Throughout the U.S.

56
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a vector for which diseases (4)?

A
  1. Hepatazoon canis
  2. Babesia canis
  3. Ehrlichia canis
  4. Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
57
Q

Ixodes scapularis common name

A

Black legged tick or deer tick

58
Q

Ixodes scapularis hosts

A

3 host tick

59
Q

Ixodes scapularis geographic location

A

Southeastern to s. central U.S. along coast

60
Q

Ixodes scapularis is a vector for which diseases (3)?

A
  1. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme)
  2. Babesia microti
  3. Anaplasma marginale
61
Q

Amblyomma americanum common name

A

Lone star tick

62
Q

Amblyomma americanum hosts

A

3 host tick

63
Q

Amblyomma americanum geographic location and seasonality

A

Southern U.S.

Late spring to early summer

64
Q

Amblyomma americanum is a vector for which diseases (3)?

A
  1. Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
  2. Francisella tularensis (tularemia)
  3. Ehrlichia chaffeensis
65
Q

Dermacentor variabilis common name

A

American dog tick or wood tick

66
Q

Dermacentor variabilis geographic location

A

Most of U.S.

67
Q

Dermacentor variabilis is a vector for which disease (2)?

A
  1. Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)

2. Anaplasma marginale

68
Q

Dermacentor variabilis hosts

A

3 host tick

69
Q

Ear mite scientific name

A

Otodectes cynotis

70
Q

Otodectes cynotis hosts

A

dogs, cats, raccoons, foxes, ferrets

71
Q

Otodectes cynotis clinical signs

A

Host shakes head, scratches ears

72
Q

Follicle mite of dogs scientific name

A

Demodex canis

73
Q

Demodex canis host

A

dogs

74
Q

Where does Demodex canis live on the host?

A

In hair follicles and adjacent sebaceous glands

75
Q

Localized demodectic acariasis

A

Common around face, young dogs

76
Q

Generalized demodectic acariasis

A

Underlying illness (poor nutrition, immunocomromised), more severe, large patches of alopecia, bacterial infection common

77
Q

Demodex canis transmission

A

Normal resident of dog skin

Transmitted from direct contact, usually mother to puppy

78
Q

Demodex canis diagnosis

A

Skin scraping

79
Q

Demodex canis treatment

A

Localized - usually resolves spontaneously

Generalized - amitraz dip

80
Q

Is Demodex canis zoonotic?

A

No

81
Q

“Walking dandruff” scientific name

A

Cheyletiella spp.

82
Q

Cheyletiella spp. hosts

A

dogs and cats, temporary residence on humans

83
Q

Cheyletiella spp. clinical signs

A

Usually asymptomatic

Severe infestation - dandruff, itchiness, reddened skin, alopecia

84
Q

Cheyletiella spp. treatment

A

Easily killed, most flea shampoos will suffice

85
Q

Nasal mite scientific name

A

Pneumonyssoides caninum

86
Q

Pneumonyssoides caninum hosts

A

Dogs, other canids

87
Q

Pneumonyssoides caninum transmission

A

Direct contact, travel via fleas, lice, and flies, survival off host

88
Q

Pneumonyssoides caninum in nasal passages

A

Non-burrowing, feed off keratin

89
Q

Is Pneumonyssoides caninum zoonotic?

A

No

90
Q

Notoedres cati hosts

A

cats, rabbits

91
Q

Is Notoedres cati zoonotic?

A

Yes

92
Q

Female Notoedres cati lifestyle

A

burrow/tunnel in epidermis, mainly on ears or back of neck

93
Q

Sarcoptes scabei transmission

A

Direct contact - highly transmissible

94
Q

Sarcoptes scabei female lifestyle

A

Burrow/tunnel in epidermis

95
Q

Sarcoptes scabei clinical signs

A

Thickening of skin, alopecia

96
Q

Sarcoptes scabei ID

A

Long, non-jointed pedicles

97
Q

Sarcoptes scabei treatment

A

Selamectin, imidacloprid/moxidectin, SQ ivermectin, dips

98
Q

Notoedres cati treatment

A

Selamectin, fipronil, ivermectin

SA Parasitology (6 decks)

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