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SA Parasitology > Arthropods > Flashcards

Arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

Lifecycle stages of the mosquito

A

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

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2
Q

Mosquito family

A

Family Culicidae

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3
Q

Mosquito subfamilies

A

Anopheline and Culicine

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4
Q

Anopheline vector

A

Plasmodium spp.

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5
Q

Culicine vectors cause which diseases?

A

Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, West Nile Encephalitis

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6
Q

Mosquito control (4 methods)

A
  1. Larvivorous fish
  2. “Beneficial” mosquito larvae
  3. Sticky mustard seeds
  4. Draining breeding sites
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7
Q

Myiasis

A

Infection with fly larva

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8
Q

Facultative myiasis

A

Eggs deposited in contaminated wounds sometimes, but they don’t have to be

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9
Q

Species that engage in facultative myiasis

A

Calliphora, Phormia, Lucilia, Cochliomyia macellaria (blow flies or bottle flies)

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10
Q

Obligatory myiasis

A

MUST use animal host to complete lifecycle

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11
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax common name

A

Screwworm

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12
Q

Is Cochliomyia hominivorax a reportable bug?

A

Yes, must report to APHIS

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13
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis (Facultative or obligatory)

A

Obligatory

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14
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax diagnosis and treatment

A

Larval ID, remove larva to treat

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15
Q

Cuterebra spp. obligatory or facultative myiasis

A

Obligatory

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16
Q

Cuterebra spp. hosts

A

cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents

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17
Q

Are Cuterebra spp. adults parasitic?

A

No

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18
Q

Cuterebra spp. pathogenesis

A

Cysts and swellings - secondary infections

Larval migrations - cerebrospinal cuterebriasis

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19
Q

Cuterebra spp. diagnosis

A

Larval ID

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20
Q

Cuterebra spp. treatment

A

Surgically remove larva
Fipronil or imidacloprid (larva on haircoat)
Ivermectin, milbemycin, selamectin may kill larva that are migrating

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21
Q

Pediculiasis

A

Infestation of lice

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22
Q

Order Anoplura and Mallophaga characteristics

A

Stenoxenous (narrow host range), permanent ectoparasite, simple metamorphosis

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23
Q

Common name for lice in Order Mallophaga

A

Chewing lice

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24
Q

Mallophaga spp. hosts

A

birds or mammals

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25
Common Mallophaga spp. and their hosts
1. Trichodectes canis –dog | 2. Felicola subrostratus – cat
26
Anoplura common name
biting lice
27
Anoplura spp. hosts
mammals only
28
Common Anoplura species found on dogs
Linognathus setosus
29
Mallophaga and Anoplura treatment
Selamectin, fipronil, imidacloprid, carbaryl shampoos, sprays, dips
30
Type of parasite in Order Siphonoptera
Fleas
31
Common flea of dogs and cats
Ctenocephalides felis
32
Rare flea of dogs and cats
Ctenocephalides canis
33
Where does the majority of the flea lifecycle take place
Off the host
34
Flea eggs
Laid on host, but quickly fall off, hatch 2-16 days
35
Flea larvae
7-10 days, 2 molts, susceptible to heat and dessication
36
Flea pupae
Completed in 4 days, but can be prolonged to 174 days
37
Flea adults
Mate once, begin feeding within 1 hour of arriving on host
38
Cause of flea allergy dermatitis
Biting fleas introduce salivary proteins (antigens)
39
Onset of flea allergy dermatitis
3-5 years of age, most commonly
40
Geography of flea allergy dermatitis lesions
Lumbo-sacral region, caudal thighs, proximal tail, ventral abdomen
41
Characteristics of flea allergy dermatitis lesions
Papules, crusts, alopecia | Secondary infections common
42
Host targeted insecticides as part of flea control
Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs), Insect Development Inhibitors (IDIs), adulticides
43
Integrated flea control
Combination of mechanical and chemical means targeting both the animal and its environment
44
Environmental insecticides
target areas visited by wildlife | IGNORE sun-lit spaces
45
Mechanical flea control
Indoors: vacuum, wash pet bedding Outdoors: remove vegetation, litter, prevent wildlife from entering
46
Animals in Order Acarina
Ticks and mites
47
Tick diseases reportable to APHIS
Lyme, monocytic Ehrlichiosis, granulocytic | Anaplasmosis, RMSF, tularemia
48
Tick paralysis
Ascending, flaccid paralysis caused by neurotoxin in tick saliva Reversible if tick is removed
49
Tick lifecycle stages and time to completion
Egg, larva, nymph, adult | Entire cycle can take 6 weeks to 3 years
50
Transstadial transmission
disease/pathogen acquired during one life stage stays with the tick and can be passed in another
51
Transovarial transmission
disease/pathogen passed from female to developing offspring
52
Family Ixodidae vs. Argasidae
Ixodidae - hard ticks, scutum | Argasidae - soft ticks, NO scutum
53
Rhipicephalus sanguineus common name
Brown dog tick
54
Rhipicephalus sanguineus hosts
3 host tick
55
Rhipicephalus sanguineus geographic location
Throughout the U.S.
56
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a vector for which diseases (4)?
1. Hepatazoon canis 2. Babesia canis 3. Ehrlichia canis 4. Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
57
Ixodes scapularis common name
Black legged tick or deer tick
58
Ixodes scapularis hosts
3 host tick
59
Ixodes scapularis geographic location
Southeastern to s. central U.S. along coast
60
Ixodes scapularis is a vector for which diseases (3)?
1. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme) 2. Babesia microti 3. Anaplasma marginale
61
Amblyomma americanum common name
Lone star tick
62
Amblyomma americanum hosts
3 host tick
63
Amblyomma americanum geographic location and seasonality
Southern U.S. | Late spring to early summer
64
Amblyomma americanum is a vector for which diseases (3)?
1. Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF) 2. Francisella tularensis (tularemia) 3. Ehrlichia chaffeensis
65
Dermacentor variabilis common name
American dog tick or wood tick
66
Dermacentor variabilis geographic location
Most of U.S.
67
Dermacentor variabilis is a vector for which disease (2)?
1. Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF) | 2. Anaplasma marginale
68
Dermacentor variabilis hosts
3 host tick
69
Ear mite scientific name
Otodectes cynotis
70
Otodectes cynotis hosts
dogs, cats, raccoons, foxes, ferrets
71
Otodectes cynotis clinical signs
Host shakes head, scratches ears
72
Follicle mite of dogs scientific name
Demodex canis
73
Demodex canis host
dogs
74
Where does Demodex canis live on the host?
In hair follicles and adjacent sebaceous glands
75
Localized demodectic acariasis
Common around face, young dogs
76
Generalized demodectic acariasis
Underlying illness (poor nutrition, immunocomromised), more severe, large patches of alopecia, bacterial infection common
77
Demodex canis transmission
Normal resident of dog skin | Transmitted from direct contact, usually mother to puppy
78
Demodex canis diagnosis
Skin scraping
79
Demodex canis treatment
Localized - usually resolves spontaneously | Generalized - amitraz dip
80
Is Demodex canis zoonotic?
No
81
"Walking dandruff" scientific name
Cheyletiella spp.
82
Cheyletiella spp. hosts
dogs and cats, temporary residence on humans
83
Cheyletiella spp. clinical signs
Usually asymptomatic | Severe infestation - dandruff, itchiness, reddened skin, alopecia
84
Cheyletiella spp. treatment
Easily killed, most flea shampoos will suffice
85
Nasal mite scientific name
Pneumonyssoides caninum
86
Pneumonyssoides caninum hosts
Dogs, other canids
87
Pneumonyssoides caninum transmission
Direct contact, travel via fleas, lice, and flies, survival off host
88
Pneumonyssoides caninum in nasal passages
Non-burrowing, feed off keratin
89
Is Pneumonyssoides caninum zoonotic?
No
90
Notoedres cati hosts
cats, rabbits
91
Is Notoedres cati zoonotic?
Yes
92
Female Notoedres cati lifestyle
burrow/tunnel in epidermis, mainly on ears or back of neck
93
Sarcoptes scabei transmission
Direct contact - highly transmissible
94
Sarcoptes scabei female lifestyle
Burrow/tunnel in epidermis
95
Sarcoptes scabei clinical signs
Thickening of skin, alopecia
96
Sarcoptes scabei ID
Long, non-jointed pedicles
97
Sarcoptes scabei treatment
Selamectin, imidacloprid/moxidectin, SQ ivermectin, dips
98
Notoedres cati treatment
Selamectin, fipronil, ivermectin

SA Parasitology (6 decks)

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