Arthropoda

Question 1

what are the subphylum for arthropoda

Answer 1

chelicerata, myriapoda, crustacea, hexapoda

Question 2

Arthropoda

Answer 2

•  Hard exoskeleton
•  Jointed legs
•  Many pairs of limbs
complete gut
coelomate
protosome
bilateral symmetry
mostly sexual reproduction
-compound eye 
-most behaviour is innate (unlearned)
-can demonstrate learned behaviour

Question 3

What are the 7 reasons arthropods are

Answer 3

1. Versatile exoskeleton
2. Segmentation and specialized appendages
3. Air piped directly to cells
4. Highly developed sensory organs
5. Complex behaviour patterns
6. Trophic breadth through metamorphosis

Question 4

Versatile exoskeleton

Answer 4

• Exoskeleton = external skeleton
• called the cuticle in arthropods and nematodes
• Cuticle is secreted by the underlying epidermis
• The cuticle contains chitin, a nitrogenous polysaccharide

Question 5

Properties of the cuticle

Answer 5

• heavy
• limits body size
• hard and waterproof
• great protection
• Thin and flexible between segments
• permits free movement of joints

Question 6

Ecdysis

Answer 6

shedding of outer cuticle, as in insects or crustaceans

• a more specific term for molt
• molt to increase body size

Question 7

Hexapoda

Answer 7

tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen

appendages on the head and thorax

Question 8

Class Entognatha

Answer 8

• Wingless

* Base of mouthparts enclosed

Question 9

Class Insecta

Answer 9

• Base of mouthparts visible

* Usually two pairs of wings on thorax

Question 10

Chelicerata

Answer 10

tagmata: cephalothorax, abdomen
• 1 Pair of chelicerae (mouthparts)
• 1 Pair of pedipalps (second pair of appendages)
• 4 pairs of walking legs

Question 11

Myriapoda

Answer 11

tagmata: head and trunk

• Paired appendages on most of trunk segments

Question 12

Crustacea

Answer 12

tagmata: cephalothorax, abdomen
• 2 pairs of antennae (only arthropods that have 2)
• Appendages on each body segment (variable number)

Question 13

Arthropoda respiration

Answer 13

• use tracheae for gas exchange. Hemolymph does not cary oxygen
• aquatic arthropods breathe through gills

Question 14

Metamorphosis

Answer 14

sharp change in form during postembryonic
development – for example, tadpole to frog, or larval insect to adult
-occurs in any species with indirect development
-larval and adult forms live in different niches

Question 15

direct development

Answer 15

• ametabolous

- Young or juveniles are similar to adults except in size and sexual maturation

Question 16

indirect development

Answer 16

• Hemimetabolous or Holometabolous
• Passes through larval stage capable of feeding itself
• Undergoes metamorphosis to reach adult stage

Question 17

Hemimetabolous

Answer 17

-incomplete metamorphosis
• Wings develop externally as budlike growths
• Nymph resembles adult in form and eating habits
• Nymph differs from adult in size, body proportion, and colour pattern
• E.g. Grasshoppers, cicadas, mantids, dragonflies
• Stages: egg, nymph, adult

Question 18

Holometabolous

Answer 18

-complete metamorphosis
• Separate stages for growth (larva), differentiation (pupa), and reproduction (adult)
• Larva are wormlike (e.g. caterpillar)
• Pupae are usually inactive (nonfeeding) and enveloped by a case
• No further molting occurs in adult stage
• Stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult