amphibians

Question 1

Gymnophiona

Answer 1

• Elongated, limbless, burrowing animals

Question 2

Urodela

Answer 2

• tailed amphibians
• Most have limbs set at right angles to the trunk
• aquatic larvae metamorphose into terrestrial adults

Question 3

Aquatic Salamanders

Answer 3

Adults retain external gills and remain in aquatic environment
OR
larval form has gills, which are lost when adulthood is reached, breathe through lungs
-internal fertilization
-lay eggs in water

Question 4

Terrestrial salamanders

Answer 4

• cutaneous breathing (also use buccal breathing)
• direct development
• internal fertilization

Question 5

Salamanders with double metamorphosis

Answer 5

gilled larvae - red eft juvenile (lungs) - aquatic adult (lungs)

Question 6

General respiration

Answer 6

• If you hatch in water, you will have gills
• Gills are lost if metamorphosis into a terrestrial form takes place
• If you have lungs they are present from birth (in terrestrial forms)
• Many salamanders are lungless
**ALL salamanders use cutaneous breathing

Question 7

Paedomorphosis

Answer 7

evolution of an adult form that resembles an ancestral juvenile

• typically: larvae lose gills when they metamorphose
• unusual pattern: reach maturity while retaining their gills, aquatic lifestyle, and other larval characteristic OR Some species never metamorphose, while others will metamorphose under certain environmental conditions

Question 8

Anura

Answer 8

No paedomorphosis