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Physiology I Block 4 > Arteries Veins > Flashcards

Arteries Veins Flashcards

1
Q

all blood vessels are

A

distensible

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2
Q

blood vessels accommodate

A

pulsatile cardiac output

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3
Q

what does distensibility mean

A

how stretchy a vessel is

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4
Q

what is compliance

A

total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given potion of the circulation for each mm Hg pressure rise

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5
Q

a lot of compliance means

A

it can hold a lot without changing the pressure a lot

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6
Q

normal arterial pressure is about

A

100 mm Hg

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7
Q

how are arteries higher pressure when heart contracts

A

put more blood into arteries so BP goes up

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8
Q

why does BP fall in diastole in arteries

A

blood is going to tissues, so less blood in arteries

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9
Q

venous system holds a lot of blood at very low

A

pressure

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10
Q

we can change a lot of the amount of blood in veins without changing

A

pressure

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11
Q

arteries or veins more compliant?

A

venous system

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12
Q

how do we change compliance?

A

sympathetic stimulation

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13
Q

when sympathetic nerves release NE, what does it do to compliance

A

decreases of arteries and venous system

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14
Q

decreased compliance does what to BP

A

increases

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15
Q

change compliance of venous system and you change

A

venous return back to heart

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16
Q

if somebody has second degree heart block what happens to pressure

A

it decreases b/c volume decreases

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17
Q

artery has a lot more ____ than veins

A

elastic

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18
Q

what two things determine blood in arterial system

A

CO & peripheral resistance

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19
Q

if you don’t change resistance and you increase CO what happens to pressure

A

increase

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20
Q

if you don’t change resistance and you increase CO what happens to pressure why does it have to increase

A

putting more blood into system

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21
Q

increase peripheral resistance and CO stays the same what happens to pressure?

A

increase

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22
Q

arterial pressure formula

A

CO x total peripheral resistance = Arterial pressure

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23
Q

Cardiac output =

A

stroke volume x heart rate

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24
Q

pressure plse is called

A

pulse pressure

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25
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

systolic aortic pressure - diastolic aortic pressure

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26
Q

normally pulse pressure is around

A

40 mm /Hg

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27
Q

what factors affect pulse pressure

A

stoke volume & arterial compliance

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28
Q

increase in stroke volume will do what to pulse pressure

A

increase

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29
Q

valvular defect that increases pulse pressure

A

aortic regurgitation (pressure goes high, systolic .)

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30
Q

decrease in arterial compliance does what to pulse pressure

A

increase

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31
Q

decrease in arterial compliance means it is

A

less stretchy

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32
Q

look at pg 11

A

11

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33
Q

PDA what happens to pulse pressure

A

increases

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34
Q

PDA stands for

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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35
Q

what happens to diastolic pressure in PDA

A

low

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36
Q

aortic regurgitation what happens to pulse pressure

A

increases

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37
Q

what happens to diastolic pressure in aortic regurgitation

A

decrease

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38
Q

pulmonary regurgitation will not cause increase in

A

pulse pressure

39
Q

in aortic stenosis what happens to pulse pressure

A

decreases

40
Q

arteriosclerosis what happens to pulse pressure

A

increases

41
Q

what is arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries

42
Q

why does hardening of arteries cause increase in pulse pressure

A

not compliant - they don’t stretch as well

43
Q

what are you measuring when you feel a pulse

A

like throwing rock in water and seeing the wave

44
Q

what happens to pulse pressures in smaller arteries, arterioles and capillaries

A

it gets less

45
Q

pressure is pretty ____ in capillary

A

smooth, blood flow very uniform

46
Q

why is BP measured at arm?

A

it’s about the same height as tricuspid valve

47
Q

what is mean blood pressure

A

average blood pressure: systolic + diastolic / 2

48
Q

if you increase HR how accurate is the MAP equation

A

less accurate

49
Q

as you increase HR, the MAP formulas become

A

less accurate

50
Q

natural ____ in BP over time

A

increase

51
Q

as you age, what happens to BP

A

increases

52
Q

veins are very

A

compliant

53
Q

if you need more blood in arterial side, it gets it from where

A

venous side

54
Q

venous system acts as ____ of blood

A

reservoir

55
Q

if 60% of blood is normally in venous side, can change ____ of veins to shift more back to arterial system

A

compliance

56
Q

how do you change compliance in veins

A

sympathetic control

57
Q

right atrial pressure =

A

0

58
Q

right atrial pressure = (not number)

A

central venous pressure

59
Q

CVP stands for

A

central venous pressure

60
Q

CVP is

A

basically the same as right atrial pressure

61
Q

if right atrial pressure increases, ___ increases

A

CVP

62
Q

what determines right atrial pressure

A

Ability of right ventricle to pump blood out of right atria.

Tendency for blood to return to right atrium (how much blood is returning)

63
Q

normal RAP =

A

0

64
Q

if RAP gets above 0, a health heart will

A

pump more strongly and get RAP back to 0

65
Q

RAP stands for

A

right atrial pressure

66
Q

if we decrease venous compliance where does blood go

A

to heart

67
Q

if decreased compliance in venous system what happens to RAP

A

increased

68
Q

increased blood volume does what to RAP

A

increased

69
Q

if you lose blood (like hemmoraghing) what does it do to RAP

A

decrease

70
Q

dilation of arterioles, what does that do to RAP

A

increase

71
Q

hyperthyroidism what happens to vessels in body

A

dilate

72
Q

person lying down has peripheral small vein pressure about

A

4-6 mmHg

73
Q

at normal RAP the veins are

A

partially collapsed

74
Q

as RAP is increased what happens to veins

A

they opena nd get bigger

75
Q

anytime RAP is above 6 what happens to veins

A

they increase so they can bring the blood back to the heart

76
Q

anything in abdominal cavity that pressures on vein causes venous pressures in legs to be

A

higher to overcome the resistance

77
Q

anytime something is pressing on a vein, what happens to veins below it

A

pressures below the vein have to be greater to push it up

78
Q

venous pressure in legs is ____ higher than pressure in heart

A

90 mm Hg

79
Q

why is pressure in veins higher in feet than heart

A

gravitational weight of blood

80
Q

anything above head, veins are usually

A

collapsed

81
Q

why are veins above the head collapsed

A

atmospheric pressure

82
Q

veins in skull can have

A

negative pressures

83
Q

arterial pressure in feet can be as high as

A

190 mmHg

84
Q

blood pressure in leg vs. arm

A

will be 90 higher in leg

85
Q

why do your legs swell if you stand still

A

Increase in capillary pressure will cause fluid to move out from capillaries into interstitial space leading to swelling.

86
Q

arterial pressure in feet vs in heart

A

higher in feet vs. heart

87
Q

when you walk, why don’t your legs get swollen

A

muscles contract the veins and make the valves work so that the blood doesn’t get stuck in legs

88
Q

one indictation that venous pressures are high

A

jugular vein distension

89
Q

why do you measure BP in arm

A

at level of tricuspid valve

90
Q

level of tricuspid valve is about

A

0 point in body - why we measure BP there

91
Q

if you lose blood, like in hemorrhage, what happens to compliance of veins

A

decreased compliance to bring blood back to heat

92
Q

what is a very important role in regard to hemorrhage

A

veins

93
Q

what is the major blood reservoir in body

A

veins

Physiology I Block 4 (13 decks)

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