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DMST 493 Vasc 2 > Arterial Circulatory system > Flashcards

Arterial Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Label the image from top to bottom

A
  1. Endothelial lining
  2. Intima
  3. Media
  4. Adventitia
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2
Q

What are the three layers of vessel walls?

A
  1. Tunica Intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica adventicia
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3
Q

Which is the thickest layer of the Vessel walls?

A

Tunica media

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4
Q

Which layer of the vessel wall is in contact with blood?

A

Tunica Intima

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5
Q

Which layer of the vessel walls consists of tissue, nerve fibers and small vessel capillaries?

A

Tunica adventicia

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6
Q

How are arteries classified?

A

According to size

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7
Q

What is the classifications of the arteries?

A
  1. Arterioles
  2. Small and medium sized arteries
  3. Large elastic arteries
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8
Q

What are arterioles?

A

They are the main providers of resistance to blood flow within the vascular system.

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9
Q

What controls the extent of contraction of arterioles?

A

Circular smooth muscle

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10
Q

What are small and medium sized arteries?

A

All arteries except the aorta and its major branches. Contains well- developed smooth muscle layers and more elastic tissue than arterioles

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11
Q

What are large elastic arteries ?

A

Aorta and its largest branches. Contains a large amount of elastic fibers within their walls and less smooth muscle cells

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12
Q

The brain is directly supplied by what?

A

Four vessels
1. Two internal carotid arteries
2. Two vertebral arteries

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13
Q

Blood supply to the central nervous system is delivered by what?

A

The great vessels coming off the aortic arch

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14
Q

What is included in the aortic arch?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left subclavian
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15
Q

The Brachiocephalic (innominate) arteries travel how? What do they join?

A

Upward and slightly posterior from the arch to the right side of the neck.

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16
Q

At the upper boarder of the right sternoclavicular junction what does the Innominate/ Brachioscephlic do?

A

It divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

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17
Q

Label the black areas

A
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18
Q

The left CCA ascends from the arch and passes beneath what?

A

Left sternoclavicular joint

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19
Q

The CCAs do not have branches, but they divide into what?

A

They divide into the internal and external carotid arteries at the upper boarder of the thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

What is the carotid bulb?

A

The part of the vessel that becomes enlarged at the level of the carotid bifurcation

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21
Q

Label the image

A
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22
Q

The ICA start where?

A

At the carotid bifurcation and travels upwards as a single vessel until they enter the cranium and bifurcate

23
Q

What supplies most of the anterior circulation of the cerebrum (Brain)?

A

The ICAs

24
Q

The cervical (neck) ICA contains no __________ until it enters the cranium?

A

branches

25
Q

What is the pathway of the cervical ICA?

A

Relatively straight or may take a tortuous path as they travel to the base of the cranium

26
Q

What is the first branch of the ICA?

A

Ophthalmic artery

27
Q

What does the ICA arise from?

A

Arises at the level of the carotid siphon

28
Q

Within the cranium the ICA bifurcates into what?

A

the Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

29
Q

Label the image

A
30
Q

The ophthalmic artery arises at the level of what? and travels how?

A

Arises at the level of the carotid siphon and travels anterior through the optic canal to the orbit

31
Q

If the ICA becomes occluded the ophthalmic artery can anastomose with what?

A

The follow branches of the ECA to create collateral flow
1. Supraorbital artery
2. Frontal artery
3. Nasal artery

32
Q

What is the supraorbital artery?

A

Lies over the top of the eyeball and passes through the supraorbital foramen

33
Q

What is the frontal artery?

A

Lies towards the inner aspect of the eye along the top

34
Q

What is the nasal artery?

A

Most medial branch and terminates close to the bridge of the nose, as the angular artery. The facial artery terminates in the same area

35
Q

The ECAs normally do not supply blood to the brain, however, in the event of what does it supply the brain?

A

Occlusion

36
Q

In the event of an occlusion several of the branches of the ECA does what?

A

Anastamose with the ICA or vertebrals to provide collateral flow

37
Q

The ECA gives off the what branches?

A
  1. Ascending pharyngeal
  2. Superior thyroid (1st branch)
  3. Lingual
  4. Occipital
  5. Facial
  6. Posterior auricular
  7. Internal maxillary
  8. Transverse facial
  9. Superficial temporal arteries

Fast is lop

38
Q

The ECA branches most vital to collateral circulation are those that are what?

A

In communication with the ophthalmic artery as well as those that interconnect between the muscular branches of the occipital and vertebral arteries

39
Q

Label the images

A
40
Q

What does the vertebral arteries supply?

A

The posterior circulation of the brain

41
Q

What does the vertebral arteries lie within?

A

The transverse foramina of the upper cervical vertebrae

42
Q

How does the vertebral arteries course?

A

They course anteriorly into the subarachnoid space at the side of the medulla oblongata at the level of the atlanto- occipital interspace

43
Q

The vertebral arteries travel how? and Join where?

A

The vertebral arteries travel cephalad and anteriorly until they join at the pontomedullary level to create the basilar artery

44
Q

The basilar artery contains how many branches?

A

4

45
Q

The basilar arteries feed what?

A
  1. The pons
  2. Anterior and posterior cerebellum
46
Q

Label the image

A
47
Q

How/where does the circle of willis form?

A

At the base of the brain the cerebral branches of the ICA and vertebral arteries join to form the circle of willis

48
Q

What provides the most important collateral circulation intracranially?

A

The circle of willis

49
Q

As a collateral for circulation how does the circle of willis connects vessels?

A

It connects the anterior and posterior circulation when needed.

50
Q

What is a frequent site of aneurysm intracranially is what?

A

The circle of willis

51
Q

What supplies the majority of the brain?

A

The ACA

52
Q

There are many _______ _______ with absence or hypoplasia of one or more of the communication arteries being what?

A
  1. Congenital variations
  2. Most common
53
Q

Label the images

A

DMST 493 Vasc 2 (9 decks)

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