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NUR 210-Exam 1 > Arterial Blood Gases > Flashcards

Arterial Blood Gases Flashcards

1
Q

How do you determine if compensation is occurring?

A

BOTH pCO2 and HCO3 will be either decreased or increased

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2
Q

What makes an ABG acidotic?

A

pH below 7.35

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3
Q

What makes an ABG alkalotic?

A

pH above 7.45

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4
Q

How do you determine if an ABG is fully compensated?

A

pH is normal, but will always lean to side of abnormality, never midpoint unless is a normal ABG

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5
Q

How do you determine if an ABG is partially compensated?

A

pH is abnormal

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6
Q

How do you evaluate oxygenation status?

A

O2 sat; if below 90=hypoxemia. And pCO2

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7
Q

Why does compensation occur?

A

To restore normal pH and maintain homeostasis

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8
Q

Respiratory compensation takes how long to occur?

A

W/in minutes

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9
Q

Metabolic compensation takes how long to occur?

A

24hrs or more

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10
Q

How do you determine if uncompensation is occurring?

A

pCO2 and HCO3 are going in opposite directions

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11
Q

If an ABG is acidotic how will you know if it’s respiratory?

A

pCO2 will go up

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12
Q

If an ABG is acidotic how will you know if it’s metabolic?

A

HCO3 will go down

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13
Q

If an ABG is alkalotic how will you know if it’s respiratory?

A

pCO2 will go down

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14
Q

If an ABG is alkalotic how will you know if it’s metabolic?

A

HCO3 will go up

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15
Q

What are risk factors for metabolic acidosis?

A

Diarrhea, intestinal suctioning, abd fistulas, DM

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16
Q

Clinical manifestations for metabolic acidosis?

A

Weakness, fatigue, HA, general malaise, diminished appetite, N/V, abd pain, kussmaul breathing, SOB/dyspnea
Declined LOC can decline into stupor/coma
Cardiac dysrhythmias can develop cardiac arrest

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17
Q

What are Kussmaul respiration’s?

A

Deep and rapid respiration’s

18
Q

What are the electrolyte imbalances w/ metabolic acidosis?

A

Hyperchloremia, increased potassium and calcium, decreased Mg

19
Q

How do you treat metabolic acidosis?

A

Alkalinizing solutions like sodium bicarbonate, lactate, citrate and acetate

20
Q

What is the safety alert as metabolic acidosis is being corrected?

A

Monitor potassium levels bc hypokalemia and cardiac dysrhythmias can occur from potassium shifting back into intracellular space

21
Q

What are risk factors for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hospitalization, hypokalemia, and treatment w/ alkalizing solutions

22
Q

Clinical manifestations for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Numbness/tingling around mouth/fingers/toes, dizziness, Trousseau’s sign, muscle spasms, depressed respirations

23
Q

What is Trousseau sign?

A

A spasm of the hand and forearm

24
Q

What are the electrolyte imbalances w/ metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hypocalcemia, decreased potassium/chloride

25
Q

How do you treat metabolic alkalosis?

A

Restoring normal fluid volume and admin. potassium chloride and sodium chloride

26
Q

What are risk factors for respiratory acidosis?

A

Lung diseases or trauma (pneumonia, COPD), airway obstruction, narcotic analgesics, neuromuscular diseases

27
Q

How does acute respiratory acidosis result?

A

Sudden failure of ventilation (hypoventilation)

28
Q

How does chronic respiratory acidosis result?

A

Chronic respiratory or neuromuscular conditions that effect alveolar ventilation

29
Q

Clinical manifestations for acute respiratory acidosis?

A

HA, blurred vision, irritability, mental cloudiness, progressive decrease of LOC

30
Q

Clinical manifestations for chronic respiratory acidosis?

A

Weakness, dull HA, sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, impaired memory and personality changes

31
Q

What is a safety alert for pt’s w/ chronic respiratory acidosis?

A

Monitor neuro and resp. status who are receiving O2 therapy and immediately report any changes

32
Q

What are the electrolyte imbalances w/ respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypochloremia in chronic

33
Q

How do you treat respiratory acidosis?

A

Bronchodilators and antibiotics, respiratory support: supplemental O2, intubation, mechanical ventilators

34
Q

What are risk factors for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Anxiety w/ hyperventilation, critically ill pt’s on mechanical ventilation

35
Q

Clinical manifestations for acute respiratory alkalosis?

A

Light-headedness, feeling of panic or difficulty concentrating, paresthesia’s, tremors, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, tinnitus, chest tightness, palpations and possible seizures and loss of consciousness

36
Q

What is the Chvostek sign?

A

Type of facial spasm usually indicating hypocalcemia

37
Q

What are the electrolyte imbalances w/ respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hypocalcemia

38
Q

How do you treat respiratory alkalosis?

A

A sedative or antianxiety, respiratory support: using a brown paper bag (may cause hypoxia though), breathing exercises

39
Q

What are normal pH levels?

A

7.35-7.45

40
Q

What are normal bicarbonate levels?

A

24-28

41
Q

What are normal pCO2 levels?

A

35-45

42
Q

What are pO2 levels?

A

80-100

NUR 210-Exam 1 (9 decks)

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