Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG 478 > Arterial Blood Gases > Flashcards

Arterial Blood Gases Flashcards

1
Q

ABG Components: PH

A

Measures the balance of acid and base in the blood, amount of free H+ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ABG Components: PaO2

A

Measures the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ABG Components: PaCO2

A

Measures the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
Increased levels lead to more acidic blood
Decreased levels lead to more basic blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ABG Components: HCO3 (Bicarb)

A

Calculated concentration of bicarbonate in arterial blood
* Elevated amounts lead to more basic blood
* Decreased levels lead to more acidic blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ABG Components: SaO2

A

Calculated arterial oxygen sat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allen Test

A
  • Used to assess the blood flow through the radial and ulnar arteries that supply the blood flow to the hands.
  • this is done to ensure that when an arterial blood draw is performed that the hand receives adequate perfusion
  • Performed by occluding both arteries, with the patient making a fist, and releasing one to see how well it perfuses, repeat for the the other artery
  • Normal is perfusion is returned under 15 seconds
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Negative allen test

A
  • Perfusion takes longer than 15 seconds to occur
  • Indicates the pt likely does not have adequate dual blood supply
  • Probably shouldn’t do an art stick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Complication of Arterial puncture

A
  • Hematoma
  • Art occlusion
  • Air embolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complication of Arterial puncture: Hematoma, arterial occlusion

A
  • Hematoma forms when blood accumulates under the skin at the site

Nursing actions
1. 5 p’s: Observe for changes in temp, edema, color, loss of pain or pulse
2. Notify provider immediately if any of these occur
3. Apply pressure to hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long should you apply pressure after an arterial puncture

A

~5min but longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Complication of Arterial puncture: Air embolism

A

Air gets in during cath insertion

Nursing actions
1. Place the pt flat or in trendelenburg
2. Ask the pt to bear down while holding their breath (Valsalva maneuver), like poopin
3. Monitor for sudden onset of shortness of breath, hypoxia, chest pain or air hunger
4. Notify the provider immediately, admin o2, and obtain abg, continue to monitor pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal PH

Know this

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal CO2

Know this

A

35-45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal pO2

A

80-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Normal HCO3

Know this

A

22-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal O2 sat

A

95-100

17
Q

Diabetic acidosis

Probably dont need to know

A
  • DKA: Not enough insulin, body digest fats building ketones making your blood acidic
  • Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

18
Q

Hyperchloremic acidosis

Probably dont need to know

A

Loss of bicarb, diarrhea and vomiting

Metabolic acidosis

19
Q

Lactic acidosis

Probably dont need to know

A

Caused by
1. Chronic alc use
2. HF
3. Seizures
4. Liver failure
5. Prolonged lack of O2
6. Sepsis

Metabolic acidosis

20
Q

Renal tubular acidosis

Probably dont need to know

A

occurs when the kidneys are unable to excrete acids in the urine

Metabolic acidosis

21
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Use of diuretics and the external loss of gastric secretions
  • Excessive vomiting which causes electrolyte loss
  • Vomiting hypokalemia, overdosage of bicarb and NGT suctioning are considered to be risks
  • Antacids
  • Laxatives
  • alc abuse
22
Q

Causes of resp acidosis

A
  1. COPD
  2. Asthma
  3. Diseases of the lung (Pulmonary fibrosis)
  4. Muscular or nerve diseases
  5. Obesity
  6. Sleep apnea
  7. Thoracic skeletal defects that limit breathing
  8. Organ failure
  9. Shock
  10. Coma
  11. Severe dmg to the kidneys
  12. Seizures
  13. Intracranial pressure
23
Q

Causes of resp alkalosis

A
  1. Anxiety or panic (Hypervent)
  2. Fever
  3. Hyper vent
  4. Pain
  5. Trauma
  6. Severe anemia
  7. Liver disease
  8. Central nervous system abnormalities
  9. Overdose of certain meds
  10. Any lung disease that leads to SOB (Pulmonary embolism and asthma)
24
Q

Interpertation of ABG: 3 questions

A
  1. Acidosis/Alkalosis
  2. Metabolic/Respiratory
  3. Compensated/ Uncompensated/ partially compensated
25
Q

Acidosis

A

PH< 7.35
CO2 (from the lung)= Resp

26
Q

Alkalosis

A

PH >7.45
Base
Think of HCO3 Bicarb =metabolic

27
Q

If CO2 is low

A

Less acid
(CO2=acid)

28
Q

If HCO3 is low

A

Less base
Bicarb is base

29
Q

If HCO3 is high

A

More base
Bicarb is base

30
Q

If CO2 is high

A

More acid
CO2= acid

31
Q

PH: 7.65
PCO2: 29
HCO3: 24

What is going on

A
  • Alkalosis (PH is greater than 7.45)
  • It is Resp (CO2 is low (35-45))
  • It is uncompensated (HCO3 is normal at 24 (22-26))

Resp alkalosis

32
Q

PH: 7.21
PCO2: 35
HCO3: 16

A
  • Acidosis (PH is less than 7.35)
  • Metabolic: (Hco3 is low normal is 22-26)
  • Uncompensated (CO2 is normal at 35)

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

33
Q

PH: 7.36
PCO2: 60.2
HCO3: 31

A
  • Normal PH (Close to acidosis, but may be compensated)
  • Resp: (CO2 is high normal ranges from 35-45)
  • Completely compensated (HCO3 is elevated at 31)

Compensated resp acidosis

34
Q

PH: 7.49
PCO2: 30
HCO3: 23

A
  • Alkalosis: PH exceeds 7.45
  • Resp: CO2 is low at 30, normal is 35-45
  • Uncompensated: HCO3 is normal (22-26)

Uncompensated resp alk

35
Q

PH: 7.2
PCO2: 63
HCO3: 17

A
  • Acidosis: PH is lower than 7.35
  • Both are responsible so it is both resp and metabolic due to CO2 being high at 63 (35-45) and HCO3 being low at 17 (22-26)
  • And this would be uncompensated due to both causing acidosis
36
Q

PH: 7.55
PCO2: 52
HCO3: 40

A
  • Alkalosis: PH exceeds 7.45
  • Metabolic: from the HCO3 being high at 40 (22-26)
  • Partially compensated due to the CO2 being elevated at 52 (35-45)
37
Q

PH: 7.1
PCO2: 70
HCO3: 24

A
  • Acidosis: From the PH being lower than 7.35
  • Resp from the CO2 being elevated at 70 (35-45)
  • Uncompensated due to HCO3 being normal at 24 (22-26)

NSG 478 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions