Art Of leadership Flashcards
The primary purpose of management is to provide order and consistency, a bottom-line focus. The primary focus of leadership is to _______;a top-line focus.
Produce change and movement
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The primary focus of leadership is to produce change and movement, a top-line focus. The primary focus of management is to provide ________, a bottom line focus.
Order and consistency
Management involves four functions or processes first identified by Henri Fayol in 1916: planning, ________,
________, and controlling, all of which are essential for organizational success.
Organizing ; directing
If an organization has strong leadership without management, the result can be
inconsistent ________.
performance
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If an organization has strong manage-
ment without leadership, the result can be reliable accomplishment of the _______ things.
Wrong
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The successful leader must master the art of leadership, with nine key areas for success. If people cannot decide which course of action to take or if they are not making satisfactory progress along a chosen path, ______occurs.
Breakdown
pg 11
________can be traced to deficiency in one or more of the nine areas of leadership.
Pg 11
Breakdown
There are two aspects of caring leadership: First is commitment to a ________; second
and equally important, is concern for _______. Theodore Roosevelt captures the spirit
Task;people
Pg 10
Both commitment to a goal and concern for others must be present for _______leaderahipto occur.
Caring
When the leader cares, others become ______and energized. It is at
this point that direction and momentum develop and great achievements are made.
Focused
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What is the cornerstone of organizational success?
leadership
Pg 10
Whether one leads by word a deed, there is an essential ingredient necessary for success. The leader must ____. When this happens others will _____. When this happens there will be focus and energy for the work to be done.
The leader must care; others will care
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Only when leaders care will there be ____ and ____ for the work to get done.
Focus;energy
Pg 9
A major challenge facing leaders is among ______. The central issue of such dilemmas is attempting to grant others the authority to act independently, yet still get them aligned and pulling together for a common purpose.
Conflicting goals
Pg 9 frustrations of leaders
Approximately ____out of every ___ people in the American workplace is classified as a supervisor, an administrator, or a manager.
1;10
In the most extensive study ever done, the US Chamber of Commerce sought to answer what two questions?
Where do leaders learn to lead?
What do people want in a leader?
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The number one place people say they learn to lead from ______.
Experience
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The second most cited place people learn to lead is from ______ or models.
Examples
The third most cited place people say they learn to lead from is from ______and ______.
Books and school
Desired qualities change across culture and time, but what people say they want most in American society is _________.When people are asked to define integrity, the word they mention most frequently is honesty.
Integrity
The leader with integrity always tells the _____ as he or she believes it to be.
Truth
First and foremost, people want a leader they can _______.
Trust
The second most cited quality people want in a leader is ______.
Job knowledge
This quality ranges from knowing what direction to take(abstract visioning), to knowing how to solve problems (practical ability).
Job knowledge
The third most cited quality people want in a leader ______skills.
People building
People want an empowering leader who will be a mentor and _____of others.
Developer
More recently, leadership has been viewed as an acquired competency, the product of many forces, not the least of which are _______and ______. In this sense, leadership is seen as a social phenomenon, not an individual trait.
Environment and circumstance
Evidence shows that ______of the individual and ______ factors are important elements in the leadership equation. Leadership results from the inextricable interaction between the two.
Qualities of the individual and environmental factors
In this book leadership, Burns concluded that leadership is fire in the forged of both personal _____ and social _____.
Personal ambition and social opportunity
Responding to situations in work and life that require leadership is called ________? These leaders include parents, supervisors, officers and leadership figures.
Episodic leaders
Historically, leadership had been attributed to the individual. This view is sometimes called the ______
Great Man Theory
Leadership is shifting from autocratic hierarchical model toward and _______ model.
Empowering-participatory model.
John Adam’s said, if your actions inspire others to _____more, ____more_____more and ____more, you are a leader.
Dream more. Learn more. Do more and become more
What two things influence the leadership process?
Qualities of the individual and environmental factors
What are the three types of leaders?
Teachers, heroes and rulers
Some leaders are Teachers, who are _______and ______.
Rule breakers and value creators.
Some leaders are heroes ; responsible for great ______ and noble _____.
Causes; works.
Some leaders are rulers; dominate others and exercise______.
Power
The book says no other factor is more important for work morale and job performance?
Good Leadership
___________ is the ability to attract people, motivate them to put forth their best efforts and solve problems that arise.
Excellence in leadership
Leadership is _______. It means leaving a mark. It is initiating and guiding, and results in change.
Social influence
By their ____ and _____ leaders show the way of their influence the behavior of others.
Ideas and deeds
The encyclopedia of leadership identifies more than 40 theories or models of leadership that have influenced the study and practice of leadership. Early studies were focused on two main theories; _____ and _____
Trait and behavior.
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_____focuses on the qualities of a leader, and _____ focuses on leadership actions.
Traits ; Behavior
Pg 14
Francis Galton is credited with being one of the earliest theorists to mention the trait approach. Galton believed that leadership qualities (traits) were ________ of a family. Qualities such as courage and wisdom were passed on from family.
Genetic characteristics.
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Galton believed that leadership qualities were ______ of a family. Qualities such as courage and wisdom were passed on from family member to family member.
Genetic characteristics.
Traits have been studied, and the lists abound. Almost always included in lists of important leadership traits are : basic ______, clear and strong ______and a high level of personal ______.
Basic intelligence
Clear and strong values
High level of Personal energy
Pg 14
One of the most widely reported studies of leadership traits was conducted by Edwin Ghiselli, who evaluated over 300 managers from 90 different business in the US. GHisellie identified ______ traits as being important for effective leadership.
6
What Ghiselli’s 6 traits of leadership?
Need for achievement
Intelligence
Decisiveness
Self-confidence
Initiative
Supervisory ability
An interesting application of the trait theory was practiced by Paul Avon Hindenburg, war. He used a form of trait theory for selecting and developing leaders. He believed that leadership ability was determined by what TWO primary qualities?
Intelligence (bright vs dull) and Vitality (energetic vs lazy)
Concern for production is analogous to the terms job-centered and initiating structure while concern for people is analogous to the terms ______and ______.
Employee centered and showing consideration.
In 1939 a classic study of leadership behavior was conducted by Kurt Lewin and associates at University of Iowa. These researches trained graduate students in behavior indicative of what three leadership styles?
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire
The results from the University of Iowa study (Kurt Lewin) indicated that?
Democratic style of leadership was more beneficial for group performance than the other styles
_____style emphasized group participation and majority rule.
Democratic
The four cornerstones of Shackleton behavior are leading by _______, communicating_______ , keeping up _____ and maintaining a positive ______.
example; the vision; morale; positive attitude.
Pg 21
Research shows that both leadership _______ and leadership _____ are important for leadership _______.
Traits;;behavior;Effectiveness
Supporting the practice of selecting leaders with an emphasis on ______and training leaders with an emphasis on _______.
Traits;behavior
P21
Leadership ______ holds that the most appropriate leadership qualities and actions vary from _______to _______.
Contingency theory
Situation to situation
Effectiveness depends on leader,______, and ________.
Follower; situational factors.
_____________include personal values, feelings of security, and confidence in subordinates.
Forces in the leader
__________ include knowledge and experience, readiness to assume responsibility and an interest in the task or problem.
Forces in the follower.
________ include organizational structure, the type of information needed to solve a problem, and the amount of time to make a decision.
Forces in the situation.
No single element explains why leadership takes place. Leadership results when the ______ and _____ of the leader match the _____and ____ of the followers in a particular situation.
Ideas and deeds
Needs and expectations
Pg 21
Vision is an ideal of what could and should be. The leader must ask three questions: is this the right direction? Are these the right people? and _____?
Is this the right time?
pg 62
The leader wants to make a difference and strives to create a thing that never was before. This thing, this difference, constitutes a ________.
Vision
The most important functions of a leader are to develop a clear and ______picture of the future (vision) and secure commitment to that ideal
Clear and compelling
The leader must have a _____to succeed.
Strategy
In addition to developing a vision and strategy to succeed, the leader must have intensity and _____ to see these through.
Stamina
Pg 60
Leaders typically have substantial vitality and they manage to transmit ____ to others.
energy
Such leaders breathe life into their organizations; hence the term_____ is used to describe the leader.
Animator
Without vision there is ______.
Also required are other important ingredients: skills, incentives, resources and action plan.
Confusion
Clarity of _______provides guidance
for making decisions about time and resources. Also required are constancy of effort
Clarity of purpose
When leaders have _______and authority others are inspired to follow.
Passion and authority
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No matter how uncertain the conditions are above the leader, the ________leader must create a clear and compelling vision of what should be done in their area of responsibility.
Effective leader
Pg 62
A vision is necessary for _______.
Effective leadership
A leader can develop a _____ for any project, work group, Or organization.
Vision
Many leaders fail because they do not have a ______- instead they focus surviving on a day to day basis.
Vision
In a major study of leadership effectiveness, the Forum Corporation reports on the characteristics of successful leaders at middle to senior levels of responsibility. The study identifies three leadership qualities for steering organizations through periods of change _____ ,_____and ____
1 taking personal responsibility for initiating change
2. Creating a vision and strategy for the organization
3. Trusting and supporting others.
The vision and strategy must be ______, _____, ______ AND above all______.
Leader intitated
Shared and supported by followers
Comprehensive and detailed
Worth doing.
New leader have to earn _____ and ____ of subordinates. Otherwise people will resist their efforts to lead.
Trust and respect.
A SWOT assessment of current conditions must both be thorough and objective. ______ that is unknown and facts that are _____will hinder and can even destroy an organization.
Information:denied
Strategic initiatives are sometimes called______.
Success factors.
The best strategic initiatives are SMARTER______
Strategic
Measurable
Action- oriented
Realistic
Timely
Exciting
And Reviewed.
Initiatives are most effective when employees are _____ and _____ to achieving them.
Energized and committed.
The motivational value of initiatives is enhanced when employees receive ______.
Feedback on results.
Pg 67
An important goal in the SWOT analysis is to identify core competences in the form of ______ the organization has or does exceptionally well, and to identify _______ in the environment that the organization can act upon.
Special strengths;opportunities
_______ and _____ are both essential for organizational success.
Vision and execution
_______means making sure the organizational structure and employee behaviors support the purpose and values of the organization.
Alignment
______percent of American employees say the don’t understand the company’s vision, or they have never sent it.
40
Three basic motives for leadership___.
Power
Achievement
Affiliation.
Examples of cultural values that help organizations succeed are ______.
Service
Safety
Creativity
90 percent of CEO say companies rise and fall, depending upon_____.
90;culture
Leadership is tasked with managing ______ within the organization to prevent conflict.
Cultural differences. .
Pg 77
The culture of an organization is a powerful force that can be described as positive or negative. This is determined primarily by the example set by _______.
Decisions of leaders
An important element in the life of an organizational village is its _________climate.
Psychological climate
Just as a sick societies can make some people, so can a ______climate.
Work
Pg 78
An organization may be strong in performance standards, organizational clarity, and warm and support, but if the ________ is poor, the entire organization will ultimately suffer.
Reward system
pg 78
Although members may have influence, organizational climate is determined primary by _______.
Leaders
_________makes some attempt to avoid being completely autocratic. Power remains at the top, but members are given occasional opportunities for participation in the decision-making process.
Impoverished Leadership Pattern II
Patterns of leadership
_______ is autocratic and hierarchical, with virtually no participation by
members. Leaders make decisions, and members are expected to comply without question.
Exploitive Leadership. pattern 1
Rensis Likert identified four patterns of leadership that correspond to the four types of organizational climate. Although members may have considerable influence, org climate is determined primarily by leaders.
Pattern 1 Exploitive
Pattern 2 impoverished
Pattern 3 supportive
Pattern 4 Enlightened.
Pattern of Leadership
_______shows a great deal of interest and confidence in members.Power resides in leaders, but there is good communication and participation throughout the organization.
Supportive leadership pattern 3
Pg 82
Patterns of leadership
_____delegates power to the logical focus of interest and concern
for a problem. People at all levels of the organization have a high degree of freedom to initiate, coordinate, and execute plans to accomplish goals.
Enlightened Leadership (Pattern 4)
This leadership results in high satisfaction and productivity?
Pattern 4 Enlightened.
This leadership pattern involves broad member participation and involvement in decision making activities?
Pattern 3 Supportive.
Likert estimates that U.S. organizationsthat a shift to Pattern IV would improve employee morale and productivity by _____ to _____percent or more.
20 to 40
Toxic leaders create unhealthy work climates known as the ______ of leadership.
Dark triad.
Pg 83
What are the dark triads of leadership? If uncorrected it is destructive to both the organization and leader
Narcissism
Machiavellianism
Psychopathology
_____ has the greatest impact on an organization when they describe real people and are known by employees throughout the organization.
Stories
Pg 85
Community is experienced in two ways: as a _______and as ______.
Group of people
As a way of being.
Pg 85
The word ______conjures up images of authority, bureaucracy, competition,control, and power.
Corporation
Pg85
The word ________evokes images of democracy, diversity, coop-
eration, inclusion, and common purpose.
Community
The first type of community is formed by bringing people together in place and time;_____.The second is created when barriers between people are let down ;______.
A group of people; a way of being
Pg 85
The Four Levels of Approach to Measuring Learning effectiveness are
Satisfaction
Learning
Application
Impact
The individual learner tends to be concerned with the first two levels of the four levels of approach _____ and ____ while managers are focus on _______ while sponsors focus on impact
Satisfaction;learning…..application
Most training conducted in the US is evaluated at _______,if at all
Level 1 (Satisfaction)
Pg 413
Re: measurement leader effectiveness.
The next most used level is ______
Level 2 (Learning)
Levels __ and ___ are used in minority of cases, usually bc of the time cost and skill involved in. I’ll exiting evaluating and reporting data
3 and 4/ application and impact.
Leadership skills can be _____, and leadership effectiveness can be ______.
Learned; developed
Pg 414
In state of American manager, Gallup reports that 72 % of business leaders say leadership development is important, yet only _____% of current mgrs. have the expertise to efficiently manage others.
18
Pg414
Leadership competencies are organized into 6 areas?
Strategic skills
Operating skills
Courage
Energy and drive
Organizational positioning skills
Personal interpersonal skills
It should be noted that leadership is not always a ______ process. ______mentoring can be powerful process for keeping leaders current in both the technical and human aspects of work.
Top-down; reverse mentoring.
A quality shared by most great leader is a _____.
Love of learning.
Pg 415
Leadership stretch assignments involve ______risks and reaching beyond ones _____
Taking risk; comfort zone.
Pg 415
Stretch assignments combat ______ and stimulate growth by ______things up.
Complacency; changing
Pg 415
Emergencies and experience leaders can use stretch assignments to keep themselves and their companies _____ and ______.
Fresh and growing.
