Arson Flashcards

1
Q

Section

A

Sec 267 (1) (a) or (b) or (c)

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2
Q

Penalty

A

14 years imprisonment

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3
Q

Ingredients for Sec 267(1)(a)

A
  • Intentionally
    OR
    Recklessly
  • Damages by Fire
    OR
    Damages by means of explosive
  • Any Property
  • If he or she knows or ought to know danger to life is likely to ensue
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4
Q

Intentionally

A

In a criminal law context there are two specific types of intention in an offence. Firstly there must be an intention to commit the act and secondly, an intention to get a specific result.

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5
Q

Recklessly

A

R v Harney

Reckless means the conscious and deliberate taking of an unjustified risk. In NZ it involves proof that the consequence complained of could well happen together with an intention to continue the course of conduct regardless of risk.

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6
Q

Damages by Fire

A

Although fire damage will often involve burning or charring, it is not necessary that the property is actually set alight; melting, blistering of paint or significant smoke damage may be sufficient.

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7
Q

R v Archer

A

Property may be damaged if it suffers permanent or temporary physical harm or permanent or temporary impairment of its use or value.

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8
Q

Explosive

A

Any substance or mixture or combination of substances which in its normal state is capable either of decomposition at such rapid rate as to result in an explosion or of producing a pyrotechnic effect,
Includes: gun powder, gelignite, detonators
Does Not Include: Firearms, fireworks
Sec. 2 Arms Act 1983

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9
Q

Property

A

Sec 2 Crimes Act 1961

Property includes any real and personal property and any estate or interest in any real or personal property, money, electricity and any debt and any thing in action and any other right or interest.

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10
Q

If he or she knows or ought to know

Knowledge

A

Simester and Brookbanks: Principles of Criminal Law

Knowing means knowing or correctly believing. The defendant may believe something wrongly but can not know something that is false.

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11
Q

That danger to life is likely to ensue

Danger to life

A

Life in this context means human life, and the danger must be to the life of someone other than the defendant.

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12
Q

Section 267 (1) (b)

Ingredients

No interest

A
  • Intentionally
    OR
    Recklessly
  • And without claim of right
  • Damages by Fire
    OR
    Damages by means of explosive
  • Damages any immovable property or any vehicle, ship or aircraft in which that person has no interest
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13
Q

Without claim of right

A

In relation to any act, means a belief at the time of the act in a proprietary or possessory right in property in relation to which the offence is alleged to have been committed, although that belief may be based on ignorance or mistake of fact or of any matter of law other than the enactment against which the offence is alleged to have been committed.

Section 2, Crimes Act 1961

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14
Q

Immovable property

A

Property will be considered immovable if it is currently fixed in place and unable to be moved, even though it may be possible to make it movable.

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15
Q

Vehicle

A

Means a contrivance equipped with wheels tracks or revolving runners on which it moves or is moved.

Section 2, Land transport act 1998

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16
Q

Ship

A

Section 2 Crimes Act 1961

Means every description of every vessel used in navigation, however propelled; and includes any barge, lighter, dinghy, raft, or like vessel; and also includes any ship belonging to or used as a ship of the armed forces, of any country.

17
Q

Aircraft

A

Means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air otherwise than by the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth.

Section 2, Civil Aviation Act 1990

18
Q

Section 267 (1) (c)

Ingredients

Benefit/loss

A
  • Intentionally
  • Damages by Fire
    OR
    Damages by means of Explosive
- Any immovable property 
OR 
vehicle 
OR 
aircraft 
OR 
ship
  • With intent to obtain benefit
    OR
    cause loss to any person
18
Q
Section 267(2)(a)
Ingredients

Other-no interest

A

7yrs Imp

Intentionally
OR
Recklessly

And without claim of right

Damages by fire
OR
Damages by means of explosive

Any property (other than property listed in section 267(1)) in which that person has no interest

19
Q

Obtain

A

Means obtain or retain for himself or any other person

Section 217, Crimes Act 1961

19
Q

Benefit

A

Any benefit, pecuniary advantage, privilege, property, service or valuable consideration

Section 267(4), Crimes Act 1961

20
Q

R v Morley (loss)

A

Loss is assessed by the extent to which the complainants position prior to the offence has been diminished or impaired.

21
Q
Section 267(2)(b)
Ingredients

Other-benefit/loss

A

7yrs Imp

Intentionally
OR
Recklessly

Damages by fire
OR
Damages by means of explosive

Any property (other than property listed in section 267(1))

With intent to obtain any benefit or cause loss to any person

23
Q

Attempted Arson

A

S268 CA 61

10 years imprisonment

Must be sufficiently proximate to the offence

25
Q

Subjective/objective test for knowledge

A

Subjective Test:
What was the defendant thinking at the time? Did the defendant know that human life was likely to be endangered by his actions?

If there is insufficient evidence that the defendant was conscious of the risk the next question is:

Objective Test:
What would a reasonable person have thought if placed in the same circumstances? Would a reasonable person have recognised the risk?