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mine emergency > arrhythmias > Flashcards

arrhythmias Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

aterial cells fire occasionally from a focus

A

premature atrial contraction (PACs)

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2
Q

atrial cells fire continuously due to a looping re entrant circuit

A

atrial flutter

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3
Q

re-enter pathway occurs when

A

an impulse loops and results in self perpetuating impulse formation

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4
Q

atrial cells fire continuously from multiple foci or fire continuously due to multiple micro re-entrant ‘wavelets’

A

atrial fibrillation

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5
Q

The AV junction fire continuously due to a looping re entrant circuit

A

proximal supravetricular tachycardia

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6
Q

The AV junction block impulses coming from the SA node

A

AV junctional blocks

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7
Q

ventricular cells fire occasionally from one or more foci

A

premature ventricular contractions(PVCs)

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8
Q

ventricular cells fire continuously from multiple foci

A

ventricular fibrillation

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9
Q

ventricular cells fire continuously due to a looping re-entrant circuit

A

ventricular tachycardia

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10
Q

HR <60 bpm
SA node is depolarizing slower than normal ,impulse is conducted normally(normal PR and QRS interval)

A

bradycardia

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11
Q

HR >100 bpm
SA is depolarizing faster than normal ,impulse is conducted normally

A

sinus tachycardia

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12
Q

sinus………. is a response to physical or psychological stress , not a primary arrhytmia

A

sinus tachycardia

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13
Q

premature atrial contractions ,these ectopic originates in ……………………

A

in the atria but not in the SA node

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14
Q

when an impulse originates anywhere in the atria (SA node ,atrial cells , AV node , bundle of his ) and then conducted normally through the ventricles, the QRS will be …………….

A

narrow (0.04-0.12s)

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15
Q

when ectopic beats originate in the ventricles resulting in …………………….QRS complexes.

A

wide and bizarre

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16
Q

the 12 leads include :

A

-3 limb leads (I,II,III)
-3 AUGMENTED LEADS (aVR,aVL,aVF)
-6 PRECORDIAL LEADS (V1-V6)

17
Q

how we can diagnose of an acute MI

A

-elevation of the ST segment(greater than one small box)(transmural or Q-wave )
-Non-ST elevation (subendocardial or non-Q-wave)

18
Q

The anterior portion of the heart is best viewed with which leads ?

A

V1-V4

19
Q

if you see changes in V1-V4 with a myocardial infarction , you can conclude that it is an …………………..

A

an anterior wall myocardial infarction

20
Q

the leads II,III and aVF see electrical activity moving from which side of heart?

A

inferiorly

21
Q

the leads I and aVL see electrical moving from which side of heart ?

A

left

22
Q

which leads see electrical activity in the posterior to anterior direction of heart ?

A

precordial leads

23
Q

what leads the lateral portion of the heart is best viewed ?

A

leads I,aVL,and V5-V6

24
Q

what leads best viewed the inferior portion of heart?

A

leads II,III,aVF

25
Q

when myocardial blood supply is abruptly reduced or cut off to a region of the heart a sequence of injurious events occurs name them?

A

1.ischemia (inadequate tissue perfusion )
2.necrosis (infarction)
3.fibrosis scarring)

26
Q

what are the change in ECG in ischemiain ST elevation in MI?

A

ST depression, peaked T-waves, then T-wave inversion

27
Q

what are the changes in the ECG in the infarction(necrosis) in ST elevation of MI?

A

ST elevation&appearance of Q-waves

28
Q

what are the changes in the ECG in the fibrosis in ST elevation of MI?

A

ST segments and T-waves return to normal, but Q-waves persist

29
Q

what are the changes in ECG in ischemia in non-ST elevation infarction ?

A

ST depression & T-wave inversion

30
Q

what are the changes in ECG in infarction(necrosis) in non-ST elevation infarction

A

ST depression & T-wave inversion

31
Q

what are the changed in ECG in fibrosis in non-ST elevation infarction ?

A

ST returns to baseline, but T-wave inversion persists

32
Q

depolarizationof the bundle branches and parking fibers are seen as the ……………. wave on the ECG.

A

QRS COMPLEX

33
Q

with bundle branch blocks you will see which change on ECG?

A

1.QRS complex widens(>0.12s)
2.QRS morphology changes

34
Q

why does the QRS complex widen ?

A

when the conduction pathway is blocked it will take longer for the electrical signal to pass throughout the ventricles

35
Q

what QRS morphology is characteristic of right bundle branch blocks?

A

for RBBBB the wide QRS complex assumes a unique , virtually diagnostic shape in those leads overlying the right ventricle(V1-V2)

36
Q

the rabbit ears IN ECG show what?

A

RBBB(right bundle branch block)

37
Q
A

mine emergency (9 decks)

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