ANAPHYLAXIS

Question 1

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 1

 Serious allergic reaction  Rapid onset

Question 2

clinical criteria of ANAPHYLAXIS ?

Answer 2

_urticaria
+
*respiratory distress or hypoxia
or
*hypotension or cardiovascular collapse
or
*associated symptoms of organ dysfunction
_two or more signs that occur minutes to hours after allergen exposure:
-skin and /or mucosal involvement
-respiratory compromis
-hypotension or associated symptoms
-persistent GI cramps or vomiting
◦ sense of fullness in the throat
◦ anxiety
◦ sensation of chest tightness
◦ shortness of breath
◦ lightheadedness.

Question 3

any agent capable of producing a sudden degranulation of ……………. or…………. can induce anaphylaxis

Answer 3

mast cells or basophils

Question 4

in ANAOHYLAXIS Mast cells and/or basophils quickly release
preformed mediators from secretory granules that include………….

Answer 4

◦ histamine,
◦ tryptase,
◦ carboxypeptidase A,
◦ proteoglycans.
(the ind-cytokine , tumor necrosis factor-alpha as LATE-PHASE MEDIATOR )

Question 5

Histamine;

Answer 5

◦ vasodilation
◦ increases vascular permeability
◦ increases heart rate
◦ increases cardiac contraction,
◦ increases glandular secretion.

Question 6

Prostaglandin D2;

Answer 6

◦ bronchoconstrictor,
◦ pulmonary and coronary vasoconstrictor
◦ peripheral vasodilator.

Question 7

Leukotrienes;

Answer 7

◦ Bronchoconstriction
◦ increase vascular permeability
◦ promote airway remodeling.

Question 8

Platelet-activating factor;

Answer 8

◦ potent bronchoconstrictor
◦ increases vascular permeability.

Question 9

in ANAPHYLAXIS the faster the onset of symptoms ,the more sever the reaction .true/false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

One half of anaphylactic fatalities occur within the first
hour. true/false

Answer 10

true

Question 11

The late-phase allergic reaction is primarily mediated by
the release of……………………

Answer 11

newly generated cysteinyl leukotrienes

Question 12

The most common anaphylaxis imitator is a
………………….

Answer 12

vasovagal reaction

Question 13

vasovagal

Answer 13

◦ Hypotension(the same as anaphylaxis)
◦ Pallor
◦ Bradycardia(tachycardia in anaphylaxis)
◦ Diaphoresis
◦ Weakness
◦ Sometimes by loss of consciousness.

Question 14

Triage for all acute allergic reactions should be………………….
at the( highest /lowest level)because of the
possibility of sudden deterioration.

Answer 14

highest

Question 15

FIRST-LINE treatment of anaphylaxis?

Answer 15

-abc
-vital signs
-IV
-oxygen administiration
-cardiac rhythm monitoring
(The first-line therapies for anaphylaxis
(airway protection, oxygen, decontamination,
epinephrine, IV crystalloids) have immediate
effect during the acute stage.)

Question 16

Gastric lavage is not recommended for
foodborne allergens;

Answer 16

true