aromatic reactions

Question 1

what is an electron donating group and electron withdrawing group? Which one results in a faster reaction?

Answer 1

electron donating is atoms that donate electron into the aromatic ring. EWG is atoms that take electrons out of the ring. EDG are OH, NH2, esters, N-R, O-R, nitride. EWG include COOH, CONH2, NO2+, NH3+, CN+. Substituents that are EWG = faster rxn because it is giving negativity to the ring that has a (+) charge T.F stabilising it

Question 2

is EWG or EDG ortho/para or meta directors?

Answer 2

EDG are orthodox/para - the sigma complex demonstrates that the charge is in close proximity to the EDG when the electrophile is in the ortho/para positions and therefore stabilises the intermediate. sigma complex of substitutes in meta position show that the carbo cation is further away from the EDG and therefore cannot stabilisie the intermediate as well as a ortho/para position and is less favourable

Question 3

what are the 3 main functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 3

Speech production, higher functions, motor function.
Speech production: occurs at the broca’s area
motor function: behind the frontal lobe is the motor cortex which is in charge of processing messages from the CNS to the cells in the body (PAT THAT DOG, PICK UP MUG)
higher functions: personality, emotion, memory, thinking