Areas in the Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the cubital fossa?
Cubital fossa is a triangular hollow situated on the front of the elbow.
Boundaries of cubital fossa.
Laterally – Medial border of the brachioradialis.
Medially – Lateral border of the pronator teres.
Base/ Superior – Imaginary line joining the front of
two epicondyles of the humerus.
Apex – Formed by area where brachioradialis crosses
the pronator teres muscle.
Roof – bicipital aponeurosis, superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat and skin.
Floor – brachialis (proximally) and supinator (distally).
Contents of cubital fossa.
From medial to lateral, they include:
Median nerve.
Termination of brachial artery.
Tendon of Biceps brachii.
Radial nerve.
Where is the median cubital vein located
Roof of cubital fossa.
Clinical relevance of CF
The median cubital vein is the vein of
choice for intravenous injections.
It is used for introducing cardiac catheters.
The blood pressure is universally recorded by
auscultating the brachial artery in front of the
elbow
Describe the axilla.
The axilla is a pyramidal space situated
between the upper part of the arm and the chest wall.
The axilla has what shape
Pyramidal shape with an apex and a base.
Apex of A is formed by
Apex – formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle.
List what passes through the cervicoaxillary canal to the axilla.
The axillary artery, axillary vein
and the brachial plexus .
Base of A is formed by
Skin, superficial and axillary fasciae.
Anterior wall of A is formed by
The pectoralis major.
The clavipectoral fascia.
Pectoralis minor.
Posterior wall of A is formed by
Subscapularis.
Teres major.
Latissimus dorsi.
Medial wall of A is formed by
Upper four ribs with their intercostal muscles.
Upper part of the serratus anterior muscle.
Lateral wall of A is formed by
Bicipital groove.
Coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps
brachii.
Contents of axilla
Axillary artery and its branches.
Axillary vein and its tributaries.
Brachial plexus.
Axillary lymph nodes.
Axillary fat.
Routes by which structures leave the axilla
Quadrangular space.
Clavipectoral triangle.
Clinical correlates of axilla
Thoracic outlet syndrome.
What is TOS
It is a condition where the contents found in the apex, the vessels and nerves become compressed between the bones.
Common causes of TOS
Trauma – e.g. fractured clavicle.
Repetitive movements – seen commonly in occupations that require lifting of the arms.
Cervical rib – an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra.
TOS Presents with what
Pain in the affected limb.
Tingling.
Muscle weakness.
Discoloration.
Describe the anatomical snuffbox.
The anatomical snuffbox is triangular
depression on the posterolateral side of the wrist.
ASB is best seen
when the thumb is extended