Area 5: Experimental Evaluation of Interventions- 5-1 a,b,c

Question 1

What are the 3 consecutive phases in a reversal design?

Answer 1

1. A-Inital baseline phase where IV is **absent **
2. -B-Intervention phase where IV introduced and remains in contact with the behavior
3. -A Return to baseline condition that is accomplished by withdrawl of the IV

E.g., A-B-A designs and A-B-A-B design (preferred cause reintroducing the B condition enables the replacation of treatment effects, which strenghthens the demo of experimental control)

Question 2

Describe withdrawl design:

Answer 2

1. Some authors use the term to describe experiments based on an A-B-A-B analysis

Question 3

The term reversal design is reserved for studies in which the behavioral focus of the treatment variables is ____ (or ____ to another ____) as in ____, ____/____ reversal techniques.

Answer 3

The term reversal design is reserved for studies in which the behavioral focus of the treatment variables is reversed (or switched to another behavior) as in DRO, DRI/DRA reversal techniques.

Question 4

_______ design is the most often used term in behavior analysis literature.

It encompasses both ____ and ____ of the IV, signifying the researcher’s attempt to demonstrate “behavioral reversability.”

Answer 4

Reversal design is the most often used term in behavior analysis literature.

It encompasses both withdrawls and reversals of the IV, signifying the researcher’s attempt to demonstrate “behavioral reversability.”

Question 5

The _____ design is sometimes used to describe an experiment in which the treatment variables are sequentially or _____ withdrawn after their effect have been analyzed in an effort to promote maintenance of the target behavior

Answer 5

The withdrawl design is sometimes used to describe an experiment in which the treatment variables are sequentially or partially withdrawn after their effect have been analyzed in an effort to promote maintenance of the target behavior

Question 6

The A-B-A-B reversal is the most straightforward and generally most powerful within-subject design for demonstrating a _____ _____ between an e_______ M____ and a ______.

When a _____ _____ is revealed with a reversal design, the data show ___ behavior works.

Answer 6

The A-B-A-B reversal is the most straightforward and generally most powerful within-subject design for demonstrating a functional relation between an environmental manipulation and a behavior.

When a functional relation is revealed with a reversal design, the data show how behavior works.

Question 7

The __-__-__ design provides no data to determine whether the measures of behavior taken during the A condition represent reintervention performance, ___ ___ cannot be ruled out.

Answer 7

The B-A-B design provides no data to determine whether the measures of behavior taken during the A condition represent reintervention performance, sequence effects cannot be ruled out.

Question 8

When is a B-A-B design warranted? (3)

Answer 8

1. When target behaviors result in physical harm or danger
2. When treatment is already in place
3. when the behavior analyst has limited time in which to demonstrate practical and socially significant results.

Question 9

Experiments that use the reversal design to compare the effects of 2 or more experimental conditions to baseline and/or to one another are said to use ___ ___ ___ design.

EXAMPLES:

Answer 9

Experiment that use the reversal design to compare the effects of 2 or more experimental conditions to baseline and/or to one another are said to use _multiple treatment reversal design. _

Example: A-B-C-A-C-B-C and A-B-A-C-A-D-A-C-A-D

Question 10

____ ____ are the effects on a subjects ____ in a given condition that are the result of the subject’s experience with a prior condition.

Answer 10

Sequence effects are the effects on a subjects behavior in a given condition that are the result of the subject’s experience with a prior condition.

Question 11

What is the ONLY multiple-treatment reversal design where you know for sure of all effects?

Answer 11

A-B-A-B-C-B-C-A-C-A-C

Question 12

What is the primary advantage of a reversal design?

Answer 12

…the ability to provide a clear demonstration or the existence (or absence) or a functional relations between the IV and the DV.

Question 13

In an alternating treatment design, what are the 3 ways the different treatments can be alternated?

…implemented treatments should be ______ across days, times, seqeunce, etc.

Answer 13

1. Alternated across daily session
2. Administered in separate sessions occuring within the same day
3. Implemented each during a portion of the same session.

…implemented treatments should be counterbalanced across time of day, order of presentation, settings, therapists, etc.

Question 14

What are the advantages of the alternating treatments design? (7)

Answer 14

1. Does not require treatment withdrawl
2. Speed of comparision
3. Minimizes irreversibilty problem
4. Minimizes sequence effects
5. Can be used with unstable data
6. Can be used to access generalization of effects
7. Intervention can begin immediately

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of alternating treatments design? (4)

Answer 15

1. Multiple treatment interference: the confounding effects of one treatment on a subjects behavior being influenced by the effects of another treatment administered in the same study.
2. Unnatural nature of rapidly alternating treatments
3. Limited capacity-max 4 treatments, with one being no-treatment
4. Selection of treatments: treatments should be vasly different.