Arduino Programming Flashcards
Which product was created in 2005?
Arduino aka “Strong Friend”
Who created the Arduino?
Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles
True or false: The hardware for the Arduino are open source?
True
Which languages we accessible and transferable for Arduino?
C++, Java, Processing
Who most often used the Arduino originally?
Hobbyists, students, and those interested in gadgetry
What kind of processor does an Arduino have?
ATMEL
What does Ohm’s law describe?
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance of a circuit
What are the iterations of Ohm’s law?
V=IR, I=V/R, R=V/I
What is voltage?
The amount of potential energy in a circuit
What is current?
The rate of charge flow in a circuit
What is resistance?
The opposition to charge flow
What are the units for voltage?
Volts (V)
What are the units for current?
Amperes (A)
What are the units for resistance?
Ohms
List the colors on a resistor representing from 0 to 9 in that order
black, brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, gray, white
What is the color with the highest power of 10 for the third strip of a resistor?
Blue (1,000,000)
Fill in the blanks: An electrical circuit must have __________ from _________ to ________.
a continuous loop, Power (Vdd/Vcc) to Ground (GND)
What is important to make portions of a circuit connected?
continuity
What is one of the most useful tool in an engineer’s toolkit?
solderless breadboard
How do you comment in arduino programming?
with a // or a /* */
Do comments affect code?
no
What is the assignment operator?
=
What is used to check values for equality?
==
What is used for the ‘and’ function?
&&
What is used for the ‘or’ function?
||
What are basic variable types for Arduino programming?
boolean, integer, character, string
What are the 2 required functions for an Arduino program?
void setup() and void loop()
When is the setup() function executed?
only once everytime the Arduino is connected to power
When in the loop() function executed?
after the setup function executes, it executes repeatedly until the Arduino is disconnected from power
What is an Arduino file called?
a sketch
What is usually done in the setup() function?
input and output setup using the pinMode() function
Does the header for setup() ever change?
no
What is the definition of a microcontroller’s ports and pins?
the communication channels through which information flows into or out of the microcontroller
What are examples of what would be connected to an input pin?
thermistor, light sensor, push button
What are examples of what would be connected to an output pin?
LED, piezo sensor (speaker), servo/DC motor
Which direction do pins default to upon power-up or reset?
input
When can you set or change the directionality of a pin?
at any time in the program
Microcontrollers are what type of devices?
digital/discrete
What is an analog signal?
anything that can be a full range of values
How is analog signal mimicked on an Arduino?
pulse width modulation (PWM)
What is PWM?
varying the duty cycle of a signal to mimic an average analog voltage
How do you set the directionality of an Arduino pin?
pinMode(pin_number, direction);
Is there a way to make multiple different pins the same direction at the same time?
yes
For digital I/O pins, what are the voltages they can be?
either HIGH or LOW (logical 1 or 0, realistically 5V or 0V or 3.3V or 0V depending on the power option
What function is used for ‘turning on or off’ an output pin?
digitalWrite(pin, state);
What function is used for reading from an input pin?
digitalRead(pin);
Which register handles the data directions for pins in PORTx?
DDRx: data direction register x
How many bits wide are the registers on the Atmega328?
8-bits wide
If a bit is zero, what direction is the pin corresponding to that bit?
input
If a bit is one, what direction is the pin corresponding to that bit?
output
How do you change the data direction for multiple pins at once in the same PORT?
figure out which bits are 0 and 1 for how you want to set all the pins in PORTx, then store that number (binary or equivalent) into DDRx
What are the important registers for I/O?
DDRx, PORTx, PINx
What are 8 binary digits called?
byte
What are 4 binary digits called?
nibble
How do you turn on a pull-up resistor?
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); in which the ‘pin’ has already been declared an input pin
Is an LED directional or non-directional?
directional
How can you mimic the GND pin on an Arduino?
using an output pin set to LOW
Which connection results in weaker electricity flow with LEDs, Serial or Parallel?
serial
Which are more straightforward, digital sensors or analog sensors?
digital
Which pins are used for analog input?
Analog In 0,1,2,3,4,5
What is the range of input values you can get?
0(0V) to 1023(5V) (10 bit)
What are some examples of analog sensors?
Mic, photoresistor, potentiometer, temp sensor, flex sensor, accelerometer
What is a Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR)?
a resistor that changes its resistive value in Ohms depending on how much it is pressed
Are FSRs a good choice for measuring the weight of an object?
No, they are not accurate enough for that
What is a slide potentiometer?
basically a variable resistor
What kind of resistor do you need with a slide potentiometer?
a 10K ohm pull down resistor
What kind of resistor do you need to use with the PIR motion sensor?
a pull up resistor on the alarm pin
What is the default sensor read for a PIR motion sensor?
1023
Between which values does the PIR motion sensor alternate once motion is detected?
between 1023 and 18
What does each wire of the analog distance sensor connect to?
black to GND, red to 5V Vdd and yellow to any analog pin
What is the output for an Air Quality Sensor?
analog resistance
What is another name for a Tilt Ball Switch Angle?
the “poor man’s” accelerometer
What are tilt sensors?
switches that can detect basic motion/orientation
How does a tilt sensor work?
there’s a metal tube with metal balls inside and when it’s tilted upright the balls short together the contacts
What is Analog Output defined as?
signals coming from one of the digital pins on the Arduino board that range from 0 to 255
Which digital pins can be used for analog output?
ones with PWM next to them
How does PWM work for analog output?
you turn the pin ‘on’ (5V) for a fraction of the cycle based on the duty cycle (percentage of time the pin is on per period)
What is a Piezo?
an electronic piece that converts electricity into sound energy
What kind of output device is a Piezo?
digital output device
Is a Piezo directional or non-directional?
directional
What is serial communication?
method used to transfer data between two devices
What can you use to get around the linear processing of Arduino?
interrupts
Which function can you use to designate an interrupt function?
attachInterrupt(interrupt(which pin), function, mode(when interrupt should be triggered));
What are the interrupt modes?
LOW, CHANGE, RISING, FALLING
What is a Servo Motor?
an electronic device that converts digital signal to rotational movement
What are the 2 types of servo motors?
standard and continuous rotation
How many degrees of rotation is the standard servo limited to?
180 degrees
How many degrees of rotation is the continuous rotation servo limited to?
none, can rotate unlimitedly in either direction
