ARDS Flashcards
1
Q
What is ARDS?
A
- Severe acute lung injury involving diffuse alveolar damage,
- increased microvascular permeability
- Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Acute refractory hypoxemia
2
Q
What are the criteria for ARDS?
A
- Acute onset of respiratory failure
- Bilateral infiltrate on chest x-ray
- PCWP <200
3
Q
What are the mechanisms of injury in ARDS?
A
- Activation of inflammatory mediators & cellular components resulting in damage to capillary endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells
- Increased permeability of alveolar capillary membrane
- Influx of proteinaceous edema fluid and inflammatory cells into air spaces
- Dysfunction of surfactant
4
Q
What are the common Direct Lung Injury causes of ARDS?
A
- Pneumonia/ Aspiration of gastric contents or other causes of Chemical pneumonitis
- Pulmonary contusion, penetrating lung injury
- Fat Emboli
- Near drowning
- inhalation injury
5
Q
What are the common indirect lung injury causes of ARDS?
A
- Sepsis
- Severe Trauma w/ shock hypoperfusion
- Drug overdose
- cardiopulmonary bypass
- acute pancreatitis
- Transfusion of blood products
6
Q
What are the stages of ARDS?
A
- Exudative (acute) phase-0-4 days
- Proliferative phase- 4-8 days
- Fibrotic phase- >8 days
- Recovery
7
Q
What are some of the common predictors of a negative outcome in patients with ARDS?
A
- Chronic Liver disease
- Non-pulmonary organ dysfunction
- sepsis
- Advanced age
8
Q
What is the cause of Pneumothorax in patients with ARDS?
A
Pulmonary interstitial edema occurring about 2 weeks after the onset of injury
9
Q
What is the most common cause of death in patients with ARDS?
A
Multi-organ failure
