Ara Pacis Flashcards

1
Q

When was it made?

A

13BC

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2
Q

What is it made of?

A

White marble

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3
Q

Where is it located?

A
  • The fields of Mars (an area used by the military)
  • Rome, between the Mausoleum of Augustus and the River Tiber
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4
Q

What is it’s purpose?

A

An altar to Pax

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5
Q

What are the five main relief scenes?

A

Aeneas sacrifices pigs to the household gods of Troy

Romulus and Remus suckling on the she-wolf

Religious procession with the imperial family

Tellus scene

Roma sitting on spoils of war

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6
Q

How was the Ara Pacis designed to be viewed?

A
  • From the outside
  • This is where the most intricate decoration is found
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7
Q

How is the interior of the Ara Pacis decorated?

A
  • With relief sculpture like the outside
  • However, there is more blank space and the sculptures are merely a regular pattern of garlands
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8
Q

How is the lower half of the Ara Pacis’ exterior decorated?

A
  • Decorated with a continuous band of panels covered with plant life
  • The central plant on the lower half is an acanthus, which is interwoven with vines whose tendrils morph into other plants
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9
Q

What is the importance of the vines on the lower half of the Ara Pacis?

A
  • Vines were frequently used as a symbol of Augustus’ golden age, as they alluded to fertility and natural bounty
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10
Q

What is the significance of the unusual symmetry of the vines on the lower half?

A
  • Could have simply been an aesthetic choice
  • However, the vines could also represent the fact that Augustus’ ‘blessed state’ was the result of strict social order. The vines are regular and formal- perhaps a comment on the rigidity of his regime.
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11
Q

Give a quote from the Res Gestae about where the Ara Pacis is located:

A

‘When I returned to Rome from Gaul and from Spain… the Senate decreed there should be consecrated in the field of mars an altar to Augustan peace’

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12
Q

What is the significance of the Ara Pacis being located on the field of Mars?

A
  • Symbolic as its a peace altar, and the field was used by the military
  • It faced away from the fields- shows Augustus was turning his back on war
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13
Q

Describe Aeneas on his panel:

A
  • He’s depicted with his head covered, indicating that he’s taking part in a religious ritual
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14
Q

Describe the other male figure on the Aeneas panel:

A
  • Male character in Trojan style
  • Wearing a long tunic and short mantle buckled at the shoulder
  • Possibly Aeneas’ son
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15
Q

Why does it make sense for Aeneas to be pictured on the panel?

A
  • Romulus, another founder of Rome, is opposite this panel,
  • Having Augustus also feature on the Ara Pacis shows him as a third ‘founder’ of Rome if he’s alongside these other two figures
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16
Q

Who are the other two figures on the Tellus panel?

A
  • Representation of the sky
  • Representation of the sea
17
Q

Why would it make sense for the central figure to be Tellus?

A
  • It would make sense for the central character to be representative of the earth, as on either side of her is the sea and the sky
  • Domesticated animals at her feet and flowers in the background also support it being her
18
Q

If not Tellus, who else could the central figure potentially be?

A

Ceres (Goddess of fertility, especially corn)
- There’s potentially a depiction of corn in the background

Venus Geretrix

Pax

Livia

Julia, with Gaius and Lucius

19
Q

What could the sea serpent on the Tellus panel show?

A
  • It’s tame, so could be representative of Augustus taming the sea of pirates
20
Q

What symbols of abundance are there on the Tellus panel?

A

Grapes and pomegranates

21
Q

Who are the two identifiable characters on the Romulus and Remus panel?

A

Mars
- Father of the twins
- Watching over them and handing his children to the shepherd

Faustulus
- He will adopt and raise the wins

22
Q

What symbol of Mars is there on the Romulus and Remus panel?

A

A wood-pecker
- Its often portrayed as an eagle, but its more likely to not be, as the wood-pecker is a bird sacred to Mars

23
Q

Who is shown on the religious procession panel?

A
  • Shows nearly 50 figures in total
  • Generally agreed that the procession includes Augustus, alongside Agrippa and Livia
24
Q

How is Augustus portrayed on the Ara Pacis and why is this significant?

A
  • He’s depicted wearing a toga rather than military dress
  • This presents him as a civic leader
25
Q

Describe the depiction of children on the Ara Pacis:

A
  • They’re almost certainly members of the imperial family
  • They represent the future of Rome and seem to promise a continuation of the Augustan Golden Age into future generations
26
Q

Describe the Roma panel, and any issues with it:

A
  • Very little remains of the actual panel, but its generally accepted to be of Roma- a female deity who personified Rome
  • Shows Roma in the middle, sitting on spoils of war
27
Q

What could potentially have been on the Roma panel alongside the deity?

A
  • No evidence of anyone either side of her
  • ‘Honos’ and ‘Virtus’ could have been present, as was common in triumphal scenes
28
Q

Name a significant feature on the Roma panel:

A
  • Her hand is still on her sword
  • This shows Rome is always ready