AQUIRING KNOWLEDGE

Question 1

What are the 5 methods of acquiring knowledge?

Answer 1

1.Tenacity- Habit of superstition

2. Intuition- Hunch
3. Authority- Expertise
4. Rationalism-reasoning a logical conclusion
5. Empiricism-direct observtaion and sensory experience

Question 2

What is the method of Tenacity

Answer 2

Continuing to uphold a belif simply because it’s been acceoted by as true for some time (like habit or superstition)

EVen firmly held or longstanding beliefs may not be accurate

Question 3

What is the method of Intuition?

Answer 3

Choosing something becuase it feels right

Using your gut feeling to make a decision

We tend to remember when our suspicions were confirmed and ignore times that intuition failed us

We rarelt objectively evaluate our accuracy

Question 4

What is the method of Authority ?

Answer 4

Finding out answers by seeking out an “expert” or authority on teh subject (Chat GPT, Wikipendia, doctors, faith and more)

Can be great starting point for finding out information

Authorities do not always provide us with accurate or up to dtae information

Can look at credentials as a cue for the legitimacy of statements

A common advertising ploy is susing a famous person using an item

Question 5

What is the method of Rationalism?

Answer 5

Seeking answers through logical reasoning based on using a set of known facts to reach a SPECIFIC conclusion

Not direct observation or gathering information, instaed thinking about an issue, potentially trying out different solutions and arriving at a conclusion

Question 6

What is a premise statement?

Answer 6

A sentence used in logical reasoning that explains facts or assumptions (assumed or known to be true)

if the premise statements are in fact not true, the conclusions will not be accurate

i.e John is experiencing hallucinations

Question 7

What is a final statement

Answer 7

Final statement is a logical based conclusion based on the premise statements

i.e John must have schizophrenia

Question 8

What is the method of Empiricism?

Answer 8

Using observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge

Limitations: empiricism can be time consuming, tedious, or even dangerous

Sensory experiences can be swayed by our own beleifs
Observation can be misinterpreted

Question 9

What is the method of Scientific Method ?

Answer 9

Means of acquiring knowledge that functions vis formation and tetsings of hypotheses

It is more time consuming than other methods, but the goalis to obtain better quality answers

It helps us be able to be more cofnident taht our answers are indeed accurate

• Systematic empiricism
  -Publicly verifiable information
  -Objectivity

Question 10

what is Pseudoscience

Answer 10

a set of ideas based on non-scientific theory, faith and belief

Question 11

What is induction ?

Answer 11

Use of small sets of observation to form genral statements about larger sets of observations

Induction = increase from few to many

Question 12

What is Deduction?

Answer 12

use of a general statement as the basic for reaching a conclusion about specific exmpales

A general statement is the basis for reaching a conclusion about specific examples

Deduction= decrease from many to specific few

Question 13

What are the 5 steps of the Scientific Method

Answer 13

1- Observe behaviour or other phenomena

2-Form a tentative answer or explanation

3- Use your hypothesis to generate a testable prediction

4-Evalaute the prediction by making systematic observation

5-Use the observations to support, refute the orginal hypothesis

Question 14

What is a variable

Answer 14

Characteristics or conditions taht change or have different values for different individuals