APUSH period 3

Question 1

First Continental Congress

Answer 1

A congregation of all states except Georgia to discuss “the alarming threats to their liberty.” Aimed primarily to repeal the Intolerable Acts, (Suffolk Resolves) and return relations before the 7 Years War.

Question 2

Lexington and Concord

Answer 2

One of the first battles of the American Revolution. General Thomas Gage sent troops to seize the supplies in Concord. Paul Revere famously notified the the colonists about the British. The British suffered 250 causualities.

Question 3

Second Continental Congress

Answer 3

Another meeting was held after the demands of the 1st Congress were denied by the British. Here they began drafting the Declaration of Independence.

Question 4

Treaty of Paris

Answer 4

Officially ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing the independence of the United States and establishing its borders. It was signed on September 3, 1783, by representatives of the U.S. and Great Britain.

Question 5

Tories

Answer 5

Another term for American Loyalists. A sizable population among colonists. Lived along port cities, wealthier. (Ben Franklin’s son was a torie) (~80,000)

Question 6

The Declaration of Independence (1776)

Answer 6

The document outlined the end of America’s status as a colony.

Question 7

British Strength

Answer 7

At the time, the British navy was regarded as the best in the world. And their overall economic and political prowess (a lot of colonies)

Question 8

African Americans

Answer 8

When the Crown offered enslaved personnel freedom, George Washington became more eager to recruit. They fought arduous battles bravely. (~5,000)

Question 9

Alliance w/ France

Answer 9

Benjamin Franklin encouraged the French Monarchy to invest in the Revolutionary War after the victory at the Battle of Saratoga in NY. Which they ended up doing.

Question 10

Republican Motherhood

Answer 10

Called for educating women so that in the home they could teach their children the values of the new republic and their roles as citizens.

Question 11

Articles of Confederation (1781)

Answer 11

Only had a legislative branch, each state had one vote regardless of population. Needed a super majority of 9/13 to pass anything. Only positive was the Northwest Ordinance.

Question 12

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 12

Daniel Shay, a Massachusetts farmer, against the state government for no payment after fighting in the war, and coming back home in debt(. used to contrast w/ Whiskey’s rebellion; showed weakness)

Question 13

3/5’s compromise

Answer 13

5 enslaved individuals would count as 3 people. It benefitted Southern states with big enslaved populations.

Question 14

Philly Convention

Answer 14

Met to discuss the failures of the AOC. Compromises:
1. 3/5ths compromise
2. Great [Connecticut] Compromise
3. The importation of slavery was outlawed in 1808 (Please Southern states)

Question 15

Federalists/Anti-federalist

Answer 15

Formed as factions when debating the constitution. (Would later become Federalists and Democratic-Republicans)

Question 16

1st Amendment

Answer 16

Freedom of speech, religion, petition, and assembly.

Question 17

2nd Amendment

Answer 17

Right to bear arms.

Question 18

3rd Amendment

Answer 18

No solider, shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner. Nor in time in war, but in a manner prescribed by law.

Question 19

4th Amendment

Answer 19

No unreasonable search and seizures

Question 20

5th Amendment

Answer 20

Right to due process, prohbits Double jeopardy, prohibits self-incrimination. “I plead the 5th!”

Question 21

6th amendment

Answer 21

Right to a speedy trial, public trial, and impartial jury.

Question 22

7th amendment

Answer 22

Right to a jury in civil cases that exceeds 20$.

Question 23

8th Amendment

Answer 23

No cruel and unusual punishments.

Question 24

9th Amendment

Answer 24

What is not retained by the government is reserved for the people.

Question 25

10th Amendment

Answer 25

Rights not outlined by the federal government are reserved for the States.

Question 26

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 26

Established District and circuit courts created by the senate.

Question 27

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 27

When arguing for the National Bank. Hamilton used the necessary and proper clause which authorized Congress to do whatever was necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.

Question 28

Citizen Genet (Guh-nay)

Answer 28

French minister to America. He directly appealed to the American people, his actions caused outrage. And led to him losing his position as minister.

Question 29

Pickney treaty (1795)

Answer 29

Cause: Jay Treaty made the Spanish worried about a reconciliation of the colonists and British. In order to consolidate their land, they opened the lower Mississippi and NOLA to colonists. Right to deposit, and agreed to make Flordia’s northern boundary the 31st parallel.

Question 30

the Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 30

A tax was put on whiskey to make up for lost revenues on lowered tariffs. Western Pennslyvania farmers harassed tax collectors as a form of protecting their liberty. The Rebellion collapsed after Washington’s 15,000 militia.

Question 31

Battle of Fallen Timbers/Treaty of Greenville (1794)

Answer 31

The British were supplying the Natives with arms and encouraged them to attack the colonists. This angered the Colonists and led to the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The resolution of the treaty of Greenville in which Natives opened the Ohio Valley to settlement.

Question 32

Hamiltons Financial Program

Answer 32

Once he became treasurer. Hamilton outlined a plan. 1. Pay off national debt, the federal government would assume all state debts. 2. High tariffs; protect developing industries. 3. National Bank

Question 33

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

Answer 33

Washington’s policy stated that the new country would not support the French or the British during their war.

Question 34

Jay Treaty

Answer 34

Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Britain to discuss the impressment of Americans and the posts that remained in the colonies. The British only agreed to remove their posts. It passed narrowly in the Senate.

Question 35

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 35

The speech given by the first president as he left office, warning the U.S. not to become involved in foreign entanglements.

Question 36

The XYZ Affair

Answer 36

John Adams wanted to negotiate the seizures and impressment of American ships. However, the ministers only agreed to talk if they were paid first. This led to outrage. “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!”

Question 36

Two-term Tradition

Answer 36

First done by George Washington after his second term, this initiated a tradition of presidents resigning after their second term as a sign of anti-tyranny. This would later become a law.

Question 36

Alien and Sedition attacks

Answer 36

The ability to deport/detain “aliens” that one deems dangerous or suspicious. The second made it illegal for publications to criticize the president or Congress.

Question 36

Indian Intercourse Act (1790)

Answer 36

Only the federal government could purchase and regulate trade, and traveling in their land. This act was largely ignored by the colonists.

Question 36

NorthWest Oridance

Answer 36

A way for new colonies to be admitted into statehood. Abolished slavery in the North West. Promoted public education.

Question 36

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Answer 36

Orchestrated in part or in whole by the Sons of Liberty disguised as Native Americans. Dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor in protest of the new Tea Act.

Question 36

Boston Massacre

Answer 36

Bostonians harassed British soldiers, which led to them shooting into the crowd and killing 5 people.

Question 37

Salutary Neglect

Answer 37

A political system employed until the 7 Years War, in which Britain had incurred a lot of debt.

Question 38

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 38

After the 7 Years’ War, Chief Pontiac lead a rebellion in the contested Ohio Valley area. (The Proclamation of 1763 was in response to this)

Question 39

Thomas Paine

Answer 39

“COMMON SENSE” - Criticised the king instead of his taxes. His pamphlet was widely distributed and digestible to a wider audience.

Question 40

Intolerable Acts

Answer 40

• Closing of the port of Boston
• Reduced Massachusetts’ representative abilities
• Quebec Act
• Administration of Justice

Question 41

Sugar + Townshend

Answer 41

Taxes on luxuries such as molasses, glass, and paper. This also includes quartering.

Question 42

The Albany plan of the union

Answer 42

Developed by Ben Frank it utilized taxes to form a common defense. Fell through because colonies were too concerned about their taxation ability. (This would appear again in the Constituion)

Question 43

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 43

Representative from 9 of 13 states convened to discuss the Stamp Act, and submit their grievances. They also boycotted British goods.

Question 44

Declaratory Act (1766)

Answer 44

After the Stamp act was repealed they passed the Declaratory Act reinserting their power and ability to tax if they saw fit.

Question 45

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Answer 45

The last battle of the Revolutionary War, resulted in victory for the colonists and the Paris treaty.

Question 46

Distrust of people

Answer 46

1. electoral college
2. Power remained with the elite (White, wealthy men.)
3. Only Land owning white males could vote

Question 47

Federalists

Answer 47

Represented urban and elite populations in New England. Supported a centralized government.

Question 48

Democratic-Republicans

Answer 48

Represented the interests of agricultural and rural populations. STRICT interpertations of the constitution.

Question 49

Supremacy clause

Answer 49

Federal law trumps state law.

Question 50

Patriots

Answer 50

Under-resourced and impromptu militias, as well as being unpaid. However, need for independence was strong. (~20,000)

Question 51

Invention of the Cotton Gin(1793)

Answer 51

Eli Whitney inventor of the cotton gin, made cotton more profitable. And led to a heavier reliance on slavery.

Question 52

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 52

After the Alien and Sedition acts, Virginia and Kentucky had a compact that stated that laws that were passed that went against the constitution. Would be nullified in those two states.