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Biology > April Test > Flashcards

April Test Flashcards

1
Q

What happens inside the cytoplasm?

A

Chemical reactions

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2
Q

What are the mitochondria for?

A

Releasing energy

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3
Q

What is the nucleus for?

A
  • Controlling the cell

- Contains the instructions to make a new cell

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4
Q

What is the cell membrane for?

A

Controlling what enters and exits the cell

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5
Q

Why is a sperm cell specialised?

A
  • Long tail

- Many mitochondria to release energy for movement

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6
Q

Why are nerve cells (neurones) specialised?

A

-they’re long and thin and form connections with other cells

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7
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Make proteins

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8
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Convert light energy into glucose

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9
Q

What is glucose?

A

Sugars

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10
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

Stores food + nutrients

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11
Q

What is interphase?

A

The cell prepares to divide by copying DNA and making cell parts

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12
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Where chromosomes separate and the cell divides into two

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13
Q

What’s the best way to remember the mitosis cycle?

A

Please Make Another Two Cells

Prophase
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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14
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

DNA condenses

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15
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle and spindle fibres start filling the cell

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16
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibres

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17
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

Two nuclei form

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18
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides in two

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19
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells

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20
Q

What’s the magnification formula?

A

Image ➗ Actual

AIM

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21
Q

Is a body cell a haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid

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22
Q

Is a sex cell a haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

23
Q

Traits of asexual reproduction?

A

One parent, little offspring, offspring clones of parent

24
Q

Traits of sexual reproduction?

A

Two parents
Sex cells
Variation in offspring

25
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

A

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine

26
Q

What are the uprights of the DNA ladder made of?

A

Sugar and phosphate

27
Q

What are the bases connected by in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds

28
Q

What is the twisted DNA structure called?

A

Double helix

29
Q

How are mutations formed?

A

When DNA is copied wrong

30
Q

In DNA extraction why is the onion placed in washing up solution?

A

To break down cell membranes and release DNA

31
Q

Why is onion placed in a water bath?

A

Speed up membrane breakdown and destroy enzymes

32
Q

What did Mendel do?

A

Recorded what happened when peas cross bred and found dominant genes

33
Q

What do bacteria cells not have?

A

Nucleus

34
Q

How does the bacteria move?

A

Flagellum

35
Q

What is the function of a ciliates epithelial cell?

A

Moving substances (mucus for example)

36
Q

What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

A

Eukaryotic

37
Q

What type of cell is bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

38
Q

What does a nucleus contain?

A

Genetic material (chromosomes)

39
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

40
Q

What is cell sap?

A

Sugars and salts

41
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Make food for the plant

42
Q

How is the egg adapted for its use?

A

It has a haploid nucleus

It contains nutrients to feed the embryo

43
Q

How is the sperm cell adapted for its use?

A

Long tail

Haploid nucleus

44
Q

Put these in order..

Nanometre
Millimetre
Picometer
Micrometer

A

Millimetre
Micrometer
Nanometer
Picometre

45
Q

What does a catalyst do?

A

Speeds up reactions without changing its form

46
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A catalyst produced by living things

47
Q

Ways to speed up a reaction?

A

Catalyst
Temperature
Mix

48
Q

What is the lock and key theory?

A

When an enzyme won’t work unless a substrate fits into it perfectly

49
Q

Formula for calculating the rate of a reaction?

A

1000
______
Time

50
Q

Which enzyme breaks down starch, and what into?

A

Amylase

Into sugars

51
Q

Which enzyme breaks down proteins, and what into?

A

Protease

Into amino acids

52
Q

Which enzyme breaks down lipid? And what into?

A

Lipase

Into fatty acids

53
Q

How do you test for reducing sugars?

A

Add Benedicts reagent to a sample and heat it.

The more reducing sugar, the more the colour will change.

Biology (5 decks)

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