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Biology > April Test 2 > Flashcards

April Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different versions of the same gene

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2
Q

If the sperm contains X chromosomes what will the gender be?

A

Girl

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3
Q

If the sperm contains Y chromosomes what gender will it be?

A

Boy

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4
Q

A dominant allele is shown how?

A

Capital letter

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5
Q

How is a recessive allele shown?

A

Lowercase letter

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6
Q

In blood types,

Ao will be =
Bo will be =
oo will be =
AB will be =

A

A
B
o
AB

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7
Q

Blood types A and B are equal strength, what is this called?

A

Codominant

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8
Q

If two of the same allele are paired up what is it called?

A

Homozygous

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9
Q

If two different alleles are paired up what is it called?

A

Heterozygous

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10
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The set of genes RESPONSIBLE for a particular trait

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11
Q

What’s a phenotype?

A

The characteristics of a trait

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12
Q

What is a zygote?

A

When male and female gametes combine

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13
Q

What chromosome does the egg only carry?

A

X

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14
Q

What is a genome?

A

All the DNA in an organism

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15
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

A long column of neurones that runs down the spine

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16
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

Relays info between the brain and the rest of the body

17
Q

Give a function of the cerebellum

A

Responsible for balance

18
Q

Give a function of the medulla oblongata

A

Controls unconscious activities

19
Q

What does a CT scanner do? What does it NOT do?

A

Uses X-rays to produce an image of the brain

Does not show the functions of brain parts

20
Q

What does a PET scan do?

A

Use radioactive chemicals to show which parts of the brain are active

21
Q

Why is it hard to repair damage to the nervous system?

A

Neurones don’t repair themselves

22
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Groups of cells that can detect a change in the environment (a stimulus)

23
Q

Explain how we react to a stimulus

A
  • When the stimulus is detected, the info is converted to an electrical impulse and sent along sensory neurones to the CNS
  • The CNS decides what to do and impulses travel along relay neurones
  • The info is sent to a muscle or gland along a motor neurone and the muscle or gland reacts accordingly
24
Q

What do dendrites and dendrons do?

A

Carry impulses TOWARDS the body

25
Q

What do axons do?

A

Carry nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body

26
Q

Explain the sensory neurone

A
  • one long dendron carries impulses from receptor cells to the cell body
  • one short axon carried impulses from there to the CNS
27
Q

Explain the motor neurone

A

Many short dendrITES carry impulses from the CNS to the cell body

One long axon carried them from there to the effector cells

28
Q

Explain the relay neurone

A
  • many short dendrITES carry impulses from sensory neuromas to the cell body
  • an axon carries impulses from there to the motor neurone
29
Q

What is the connection between two neurones called?

A

A synapse

30
Q

What is the nerve signal transmitted by?

A

Neurotransmitters

31
Q

Explain how a reflex happens

A
  1. Injury happens
  2. Pain receptor is stimulated
  3. impulse travels along sensory neurones
  4. Impulses pass along a relay neurone
  5. Impulses travel along a motor neurone
  6. Impulses reach muscle and it contracts
32
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

Bends light into the eye

33
Q

What does the iris do?

A

Controls how much light enters the pupil

34
Q

What does the lens do?

A

Bends light

35
Q

What does the retina do?

A

Detects light

36
Q

How do we look at close and distant objects?

A

Close-

Ciliary muscle contracts
Suspending ligament slackens
Lens becomes more rounded
Light is refracted more

Distant is opposite ^

37
Q

How is short sightedness and long sightedness caused?

A

When the lens is the wrong shape

Biology (5 decks)

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