Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > April Test 3 > Flashcards

April Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does evolution mean?

A

A gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is it hard to find evidence of evolution?

A

Because some is destroyed by earthquakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the age of a stone tool worked out?

A

By looking at the rock it’s made with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

The characteristics of individuals vary in a population due to gene difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is natural selection?

A

By chance some individuals have variations that make them better at coping and more likely to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inheritance?

A

Naturally selected survivors breed and pass on their variations to offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the best way to remember the classification of an animal?

A

Kings Play Chess On Fire Grain Sand

Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do plants have that animals don’t?

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of species?

A

A group of similar organisms capable of reproducing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of breed?

A

Members of an animal species differing from others slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of variety?

A

Members of a plant species differing from others only slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

When humans breed organisms with useful characteristics to create new breeds/varieties with desired characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Problems with selective breeding?

A

Takes a long time for desired characteristics

Large numbers may be disease prone

Concerns over animal welfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a calorimetry?

A

The dry food flame experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of particles across a membrane across a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Two differences between diffusion and active transport?

A

Active transport requires energy

In active transport particles are moved UP a concentration gradient not DOWN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A coiled up length of DNA molecules

20
Q

How do you calculate the number of cells produced by mitosis?

A

2^n

n=number of divisions

21
Q

How is cancer caused?

A

When a cell starts dividing uncontrollably due to a change in one gene, causing a tumour

22
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell

23
Q

Where are stem cells found?

A

In embryos

24
Q

Risks of stem cells?

A

They divide very quickly

They may carry disease

The body may reject them

25
Q

How does a reflex happen?

A
  • Touch flame
  • Receptor
  • Sensory
  • Synapse
  • Relay
  • Synapse
  • Motor
  • Effector
26
Q

Why is alcohol added to DNA?

A

To get the DNA out as it isn’t soluble in alcohol

27
Q

What decides the order of amino acids in a protein?

A

The order of the bases

28
Q

Instead of T what does mRNA use?

A

U

29
Q

Transcription

A
  • RNA polymerase binds to a region of DNA in front of a gene
  • The two DNA strands unzip
  • The RNA polymerase uses the coding DNA as a template to make mRNA
  • The mRNA leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome
30
Q

Translation

A
  • tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
  • Codon and anticodon make sure amino acids are in the right order
  • Amino acids join together and a polypeptide is made
31
Q

Which chromosome pair determines gender?

A

23rd

32
Q

Genotype

A

The combination of alleles you have

33
Q

What is the human genome project?

A

Researchers mapped 20,500 genes

34
Q

Drawbacks of genome mapping?

A

Increased stress if you know you’re susceptible

Discrimination by employers and insurance

People under pressure not to have children

35
Q

The deeper the rock the…

A

Older the fossil

36
Q

Who came up with the theory of evolution? Who also contributed?

A

Charles Darwin

Wallace

37
Q

What did Wallace come up with?

A

Natural selection theory

Butterflies had warning colours on wings to deter predators

38
Q

How old is Ardi? Key characteristics?

A

4.4 million years old

Feet to climb trees
Long arms and short legs
Chimp like brain size

39
Q

How old is Lucy? Key characteristics?

A

3.2 million years old

Feet more adapted to walking
Arms and legs more human like
Larger brain

40
Q

How old is Turkana Boy? Key characteristics?

A

1.6 million years old

Short arms long legs
Bigger brain again

41
Q

Order these

Homo habilis
Homo sapien
Homo neanderthalis
Homo erectus

A

Habilis
Erectus
Neanderthalis
Sapiens

42
Q

Pentadactyl limb

A

Limb with 5 digits

43
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A 
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Prokaryotes
Protists
44
Q

Process of selective breeding?

A

Select the animals/plants with the desired characteristics and breed them

Select the best offspring and breed them

Continue this over several generations

45
Q

Process of tissue culture?

A

Take tissue from plant

Grow tissue in medium containing growth hormones

Move to potting compost to carry on growing

46
Q

How does genetic engineering work?

A

DNA is cut out with enzyme, vector DNA is then cut OPEN with same enzyme

They are mixed together with ligase enzymes

The result is recombinant DNA which is inserted into bacteria for example

47
Q

What can GMOs be used for?

A

Provide more food for people insect resistance in crops

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions