Approaches To Infection Control

Question 0

Nosocomial

Answer 0

Pertaining to or originating in a hospital

Question 1

Contamination

Answer 1

When something is unclean or unsterile

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

A microorganism that produces disease

Question 3

Asepsis

Answer 3

Absence of microorganisms that produce disease. The prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile field

Question 4

Sepsis

Answer 4

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues

Question 5

Microorganisms

Answer 5

Little living things that are not visible to the naked eye

Question 6

Cycle of cross contamination and infection

Answer 6

1. Host reservoir for organism
2. Method of exit i.e. Body fluid
3. Method of transition, i.e. Soiled linen dressing
4. Method of entry to a new host, i.e. Open wound, skin break
5. Susceptible new host, i.e. Person with limited resistance
6. Infection develops in new host

Question 7

Universal precautions

Answer 7

Gloves and protective equipment should be used if having contact with any patients blood or body fluid containing blood

Question 8

Standard precautions

Answer 8

Gloves and protective equipment should be used if having contact with any patients body fluids, whether it contains blood or not

Question 9

Transmission based precautions

Answer 9

To be used when in contact with special patients

Question 10

Isolation

Answer 10

Separation from others
Transmission based precautions used with isolation pts.
Medical asepsis: designed to keep pathogens confined to a specific area, object or person. Reduce the numbers and spread of microorganisms
Surgical asepsis: practices that render and keep objects free from microorganisms

Question 11

Contact precautions

Answer 11

Wash hands with antiseptic soap after pt care
Gloves upon entering room
Gown
Private room
Dedicated equipment to be used only on that pt (stethoscope BP cuff)
Material leaving room placed in a biohazard container

Question 12

Droplet precautions

Answer 12

Wash hands upon entering and leaving room
Mask
Private room
Surgical mask on pt if transported outside room

Question 13

Airborne precautions

Answer 13

Wash hands upon entering or leaving room
Dust mist mask (N-95 mask)
Private room with negative airflow, door shut
Surigical mask on pt for transport

Question 14

Protective clothing application

Answer 14

Wash hands for medical asepsis
Apply cap first: avoid contact with hair as much as possible
Apply mask: handle by strings, pinch nose piece, avoid touching neck
Open sterile gown and gloves, touching only the inside of the gown and gloves, place on sterile field
Wash hands for surgical asepsis, dry with sterile towel, avoid touching other objects, clothing
Unfold gown without letting it touch other objects, avoid touching outside
Apply gown without letting hand go through cuff
Have another person tie gown

Question 15

ICU precautions

Answer 15

Avoid occlusion or tension to lines
Constantly monitor pt tolerance/response to treatment
Stop treatment if unexpected or undesirable changes occur in pt
Request assistance from nurses or respiratory therapists
Note appearance of wounds, etc.