Approaches in psychology- psychodynamic

Question 1

what does Freud believe traumatic childhood experiences can lead to

Answer 1

can lead to psychological disorders

Question 2

the psychodynamic approach

Answer 2

a perspective that describes the different forces, most unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience

Question 3

why do childhood experiences have significant importance

Answer 3

childhood experiences determine our personality when we read adult hood

Question 4

the role of the unconscious

Answer 4

a vast store house of biological drives and instincts that has significant influence on our behaviour and personality

Question 5

what does the unconscious contain

Answer 5

threatening and disturbing memories that have been repressed, or locked away and forgotten

Question 6

what is the tripartite of personality

Answer 6

Id, ego and super ego

Question 7

what is the Id

Answer 7

entirely unconscious, the Id is made up of selfish aggressive instincts that demand immediate gratification

Question 8

what is the ego

Answer 8

“the reality check” that balances the conflicting demands of the Id and the super ego

Question 9

what is the super ego

Answer 9

the moralistic part of our personality which represents the ideal self. occurs at the phallic stage of psychosexual development

Question 10

What is psychosexual stages

Answer 10

Five development stages that all children pass through. At each stage there is different conflict, the outcome of which determines future development

Question 11

Erogenous stages

Answer 11

That different parts of our bodies become particularly sensitive as we grow.

Question 12

What is the oral stage

Answer 12

0-1 years
Focus of all pleasure is the mouth, not when breast is the object of desire.

Frued suggested that an individual could become fixated in this stage if they were under or over fed asa baby

Question 13

What are the consequence of u resolved conflict at oral stage

Answer 13

Oral fixation- smoking biting nails, sarcastic

Question 14

What is the anal stage

Answer 14

1-3 years
Focus is pleasure in the anus. Child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces
It is this stage the ego develops

Question 15

How can a child become fixated the anal stage

Answer 15

Too strict or too lax potty training

Question 16

What are the two outcomes of anal fixation

Answer 16

Analog retentive or anat repulsive

Question 17

What are the consequences of unresolved conflict at the anal stage

Answer 17

Anal retentive- perfectionist, obsessive

Anal expulsive- thoughtless, messy

Question 18

What is the Phyllis stage

Answer 18

3-6 years

Focus of pleasure is the genetically area

Child experiences the Oedipus or Electra complex

Question 19

What are the consequences of unresolved conflict as guns phallic stage

Answer 19

Phallic personality- narcissistic, reckless

Question 20

What is the latency stage

Answer 20

6 years- puberty

In their stage sexual desires remain dormant. Children want nothing to do with the opposite sex, as social and intellectual development occurs

Question 21

What is the genital stage

Answer 21

Puberty- maturity

Beginning of mature adult sexuality

The calm of latency is disrupted as the id makes powerful demands in the form of Heterosexual desires.

Question 22

Defence mechanism

Answer 22

Unconscious strategies that the ego uses to manage the conflict between id and super ego

Question 23

Consequence of unresolved conflict in the genital stage

Answer 23

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 24

Oesipus complex

Answer 24

This occurs during the phallic sage of psychosexual. Children in the phallic stage begin to have unconscious sexual desires for their opposite sex parent. This makes them resentful of the same sex parent as they see them as a competitor

Question 25

Castrations anxiety

Answer 25

Boys unconsciously desire their mothers, but realise their father is bigger and stronger so they can’t compete. When they realise girls have no penis they think they have been castrated and fear their father will castrate them too

Question 26

The Electra complex

Answer 26

Freud view femininity as failed masculinity. Frued argued that girls believe they do not have a penis because their mother must have already castrates them

Question 27

libido

Answer 27

sexual energy

Question 28

fixation

Answer 28

if a child receives too much or too little stimulation the libido might become fixated in this stage

Question 29

acronym to help remember the five psychosexual stages

Answer 29

old age pensioners love Guinness

oral anal phallic latency genital

Question 30

what does conscious mean

Answer 30

part of the mind that we can access e.g. memories

Question 31

what does preconscious mean

Answer 31

which contains though thoughts and memories which are not currently in conscious awareness but we can access it if we desire

Question 32

example of preconscious

Answer 32

dream state

Question 33

what does unconscious mean

Answer 33

the part of the mind that we are unaware but which directs much of our behaviour e.g. traumas and fears

Question 34

why does the ego employ defence mechanism

Answer 34

ego employs defence mechanisms to help cope with stress of trying to balance the demand of the Id and the super ego.

Question 35

what is repression

Answer 35

is an unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts becoming conscious.
Thoughts repressed are those that would repressed are those that would result in feelings of guilt from the super ego

Question 36

example of repression

Answer 36

Oedipus complex aggressive about same sex parents are repelled

Question 37

what is denial

Answer 37

Anna Freud-involves blocking external events from awareness. if situation is just too much to handle- refuse to experience it.

Question 38

example of denial

Answer 38

smokers may refuse to admit to themselves that smoking is bad for their health

Question 39

what is displacement

Answer 39

redirection of an impulse (aggression) onto a powerless substitute. the target can be a person or an object that can serve as a symbolic substitute

Question 40

example of displacement

Answer 40

someone who is frustrated by his or her superior may go home and kick the dog, beat up a family member, or engage in cross-burning

Question 41

weakness of the psychodynamic approach

Answer 41

• very determinist, says that suffering childhood trauma will lead to abnormal behaviour in adulthood, however it ignores the influence of genes (biology), reward (behaviourism), (cognitive approach).
• Psychoanalysis depends on the therapist’s subjective interpretation Psychoanalysis depends heavily on the therapist’s interpretation of what the client says.

Question 42

strengths of the psychodynamic approach

Answer 42

• It could be argued that Freud was the first person to highlights the importance of childhood in mental health-this is an idea extensively used today
• practical applications