Approaches: Biological Approach Flashcards
What does the biological approach combine?
The biological approach combines psychology and biology-to provide physiological explanations for human behaviour.
What is the biological approach?
Biological psychology tries to explain how we think, feel and behave in terms of physical factors within the body.
What are basic assumptions of biological approach?
- Investigates biological structures and functions of the brain.
- Much of human behaviour has biological cause.
- Nervous system affects behaviour.
What is genetic basis of behaviour?
Psychologists interested in trying to see which behaviours/characteristics (e.g. intelligence), are a product of genes or environmental influences.
How do we all differ?
We differ from each other due to our genetic instructions (genes), e.g. personality, IQ, etc.
What does genetic basis of behaviour say about heritability?
Heritability refers to the amount of variation in a trait (behaviour) within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences.
What are methods of investigating the genetic basis of behaviour?
- Twin studies.
- Family studies.
- Adoption studies.
- Selective breeding.
How does biological structures influence behaviour?
- Neurotransmitters enable the NS to function.
- Abnormal levels can lead to mental illness.
- Depression linked to low levels of serotonin.
How does neurochemistry influence behaviour?
Through exhibitory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
What are excitatory neurotransmitters?
They trigger nerve impulses and stimulate the brain into action.
What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Inhibit nerve impulses and calm the brain and balance mood.
How do genes function?
In pairs and the recombination of genes from parents to offspring provides the basis from genetic validity.
What do genes carry?
Carry information in the form of DNA.
What is a genotype?
The actual set of genes an individual has, or is made up of, is a genotype.
What is a phenotype?
An individuals observable features, such as behavioural and physical characteristics.
What are difference between genotypes and phenotypes?
- The expression of genotype is influenced by environmental factors.
- However phenotype is way genes are exposed physically.
What is evolution?
-The changes in inherited characteristics in biological population over successive generations.
What is natural selections?
-When resources are limited those better equipped to find food or run from predators are more likely to survive and pass on their genes “survival of the fittest”.
What are strengths of biological approach?
- A scientific approach. Suggesting we can find cause and effect.
- Can lead to treatment e.g. drugs to balance neurotransmitters.
Limitations of biological approach?
- Is a deterministic approach.
- Ignores the role of environment.
- Lab experiments lack ecological validity.
