Approaches

Question 1

Cognitive approach

Answer 1

a modern approach to a human behaviour that focuses on how we think. It assumes that our thought processes affect our behaviour.

Question 2

Inference

Answer 2

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

Question 3

Schema

Answer 3

a pattern of thought or behaviour that organizes categories of information and the relationship among them.

Question 4

Theoretical model

Answer 4

diagrammatic representations of the steps involved in mental processes e.g. the information-processing model.

Question 5

Information processing

Answer 5

a framework to explain and describe mental processes. the model likens the thinking process to how a computer works.

Question 6

Genetic

Answer 6

belonging to or relating to genes recieved by each animal or plant from its parents.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of any individual, which determines one of its characteristics.

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

the process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Question 10

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 10

concerned with the extent to which particular aspects of behaviour are a product of either inherited or acquired characteristics.

Question 11

Concordance

Answer 11

agreement or consistency.

Question 12

Twin/family studies

Answer 12

conducted on identical or fraternal twins. they aim to reveal the importance of the environmental and genetic influences for traits, phenotypes, and disorders.

Question 13

id

Answer 13

the part of the psyche associated with instinctual, repressed, or antisocial desires, usually sexual or aggressive.

Question 14

Ego

Answer 14

The ego is the psychological component of the personality that is represented by our conscious decision-making process.

Question 15

Super Ego

Answer 15

The superego is the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates.

Question 16

Psycho-sexual stages

Answer 16

is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages.

Question 17

Defence mechanism

Answer 17

is an unconscious psychological mechanism that reduces anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli.

Question 18

Displacement

Answer 18

is an unconscious defense mechanism whereby the mind substitutes either a new aim or a new object for goals felt in their original form to be dangerous or unacceptable.

Question 19

Denial

Answer 19

a psychological defense mechanism in which confrontation with a personal problem or with reality is avoided by denying the existence of the problem or reality.

Question 20

Repression

Answer 20

unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from being conscious.