Approaches 2: The Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
Define the behaviourist approach’s ideas about behaviour:
The behaviourist approach suggests that all behaviour is learned through either classical or operant conditioning.
Explain the term: classical conditioning:
A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditional stimulus, to produce a conditioned response.
Explain the term: Operant conditioning:
The process of learning through reward or punishment.
Explain the term: Positive reinforcement:
If a behaviour is rewarded it is more likely to re-occur.
Explain the term: Negative reinforcement:
If a behaviour is punished it is less likely to occur.
Explain the term: Partial reinforcement:
The behaviour is learned through occasional reinforcement.
Explain the term: Stimulus generalisation:
Once a behaviour is conditioned, the response can happen with other similar stimulus.
In the study by Skinner (1938) what did he find could be done to behaviour?
He found that behaviour could be ‘shaped’
In the study by Skinner (1938) how did Skinner find that behaviour could be manipulated?
He found that behaviour can be shaped through rewarding or punishing.
In the study by Pavlov what was he able to get the dogs to do?
Salivate at the sound of a bell.
In the study by Pavlov how was he able to get the dogs to react to the bell?
Pavlov would present food with the bell for a few times and then he would no longer present the food so the dogs reacted to the conditioned stimulus which was the bell.
In Pavlov’s dogs what was the Unconditioned stimulus?
Food
In Pavlov’s dogs what was the neutral stimulus?
The Bell
In Pavlov’s dogs what was the unconditioned response?
The salivation in the dogs.
In Pavlov’s dogs why was timing important?
The food must be presented at the same time as the bell rings in order to ensure acquisition.
