Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology > approaches > Flashcards

approaches Flashcards

paper 2

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what did Wundt do?

A

introduced study of mind and structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

structuralism

A

breaking down mind and behaviours into elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

introspection

A

where participant is asked to reflect on cognitive processes through description

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

evaluation of origins into psychology

A

a: still used (modern)
c: introspection relies on observation
c: introspection produced subjective results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social learning theory

A

learning things through observation and imitating others behaviour through modelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cognitive factors (SLT)

A
  • attention
  • retention
  • motor reproduction
  • motivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bobo doll study- bandura

A

p: one group watched video of adults hitting bobo doll, other group didn’t (control)
r: those who watched video imitated behaviour
c: children imitate behaviour they observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vicarious reinforcement

A

when frequency of behaviour increases due to others observing behaviour being rewarded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meditational processes

A

mental and cognitive factors that intervene in learning processes- determined if behaviour is acquired or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SLT evaluation

A

a: cognitive factors- provides more explanation on human learning by recognising meditational processes impact
c: demand characteristics (bobo doll)
c: underestimate influence on biological factors- testosterone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

behaviourist approach assumptions

A
  • all behaviour is learnt
  • animals and humans learn in the same way
  • mind is irrelevant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

conditioning

A

response becomes more frequent/ predictable in given environment with reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

OC- skinner

A
  • positive reinforcement: addition of stimulus to increase behaviour
  • negative reinforcement: removal of stimulus to increase behaviour
  • Skinner box: rat pressing lever to get food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CC- pavlov

A

unconditional stimulus = unconditional response
unconditional stimulus + neutral stimulus = conditional stimulus
conditional stimulus = conditional response
-> pavlov’s dogs: food (UCS) = salvation (UCR), bell (NS) + food (UCS) = CS, bell (CS) = salvation (CR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

behaviourist approach evaluation

A

a: scientifically credible- emphasising importance of scientific processes and how scientific discipline influences behaviour
a: real life application- behaviour of animals applied to real life
c: ethical issues with animal testing- animals exposed to stressful situations -> affect how they could react in experimental situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cognitive approach assumptions

A
  • mental systems have limited capacity
  • control mechanisms oversee mental processes
  • two-way flow (input and output)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

schema

A

ideas and info developed through experiences to create a mental framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

types of schemas

A
  • role
  • event
  • self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

scientific study of brain structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

types of cognitive neuroscience

A
  • lesson studies: how brain damage affects people
  • electro physiology: electric and magnetic fields to measure brain activity and waves
  • neuro-imaging: pinpointing areas of brain that are active while performing task
21
Q

theoretical model

A

suggest mind processes info in systematic way

22
Q

computer model

A

mind works like computer

23
Q

cognitive approach evaluation

A

a: scientific- credible bias
-> c: too abstract
a: real life application- cognitive neuroscience
c: machine reductionism- ignore influence of human emotion and motivation

24
Q

biological approach assumptions

A
  • everything psychological is first biological
  • need to look at biological structures and processes
25
Q

genotype

A

genes a person possesses making up who they are

26
Q

phenotype

A

characteristics of individual determined by genes and environment

27
Q

biological approach evaluation

A

a: real life application- development of psychoactive drugs
a: nature vs nurture- supports genetic influence on behaviour
-> c: environmental factors overpower biological (separated twins)
c: deterministic- having no control over biological factors

28
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

focus on unconscious mind and influences it has on behaviour

29
Q

ID

A

wants and needs from unconscious

30
Q

ego

A

mediator between ID and super ego

31
Q

super ego

A

internalised sense of right and wrong

32
Q

displacement

A

diverting emotions from original source towards less dangerous one

33
Q

repression

A

preventing unacceptable desires/ motivations from becoming conscious

34
Q

denial

A

refusing to believe events

35
Q

oral stage

A
  • focus of pleasure is mouth
  • activated through breast feeding
  • consequence: oral fixation (smoking)
36
Q

anal stage

A
  • focus of pleasure is anus
  • activated through toilet training
  • consequence: anal retentive (organised) or anal expulsive (messy)
37
Q

phallic stage

A
  • focus of pleasure is genital area
  • activation through oedipus (boys repulsing father as mother is primary love object) and electra (girls experiencing penis envy) complex
  • consequence: phallic personality (obsessions with intimacy)
38
Q

latency stage

A

learning new skills in education

39
Q

genital stage

A

sexual desired becoming conscious due to puberty

40
Q

conscious

A

awareness of self in space and time

41
Q

unconscious

A

part of mind we forget/ we are unaware of thoughts and feelings

42
Q

humanist approach

A

concerned with explanations of healthy growth in individuals

43
Q

free will

A

active agent with ability to determine out own development

44
Q

self actualisation

A
  • Maslow
  • tendency to want to achieve full potential
  • all aspects must be met to self actualise
45
Q

self congruence

A
  • rogers
  • concept of self must be equal or in congruence with ideal self for growth to be achieved
46
Q

congruence

A

when self and ideal self are equal

47
Q

conditional positive regard

A

people valuing you from your outcome (e.g. loving you only if you get an A)

48
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

people valuing you no matter the outcome (e.g. loving you no matter your grades)

49
Q

humanist approach evaluation

A

a: not reductionist- advocating holism -> allows approach to have more validity
a: optimistic look
c: limited application- little impact on psych due to attract ideas
-> a: client centred therapy developed from this

psychology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions