Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

assumptions of psychodynamic approach

A

-all behaviour can be explained by deep-rooted, psychological conflict within the UNconscious mind
-childhood experiences also have an influence on later life

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2
Q

3 parts of tripartite personality (brief, PSD)

A
  1. id
  2. ego
  3. superego
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3
Q

role of id + principle

A

-biological, innate, instinctive part of personality
-source of unconscious desires and demands immediate gratification (hunger, thirst, sex)
-present at birth
-pleasure principle

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4
Q

role of ego + principle

A

-conscious part of personality + develops between 1-3yrs
-mediates conflict between id and superego by meeting needs of id in socially acceptable ways
-uses defence mechanisms to solve conflict
-reality principle

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5
Q

role of superego + principle

A

-responsible for unconscious morals based on our internalised same sex parent
-ensures ego doesnt use unacceptable measures to satisfy id
-develops between 5-6
-2 parts: conscience (tells us what we should NOT do, makes us feel guilty), ego ideal (tells us what we should do, makes us feel proud)
-morality principle

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6
Q

3 defence mechanisms (brief, PSD)

A
  1. repression
  2. denial
  3. displacement
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7
Q

why are defense mechanisms needed

A

-triggered when we are confronted w a situation that we are unable to deal w
-defense mechanisms distort reality on an unconscious level (we are unaware of them) and reduce anxiety associated w the situation

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8
Q

what is repression

A

-defense mechanism
-unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts and impulses from the conscious mind
-affects behaviour without the person being aware
-eg. painful childhood memories

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9
Q

what is denial

A

-defense mechanism
-refusal to accept reality to avoid painful feelings
-eg. alcoholics often deny theyre an alcoholic even after being arrested/confronted

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10
Q

what is displacement

A

-defense mechanism
-redirecting thoughts/feelings from original target to a more acceptable one
-occurs when person feels unable to express feelings in presence of person they should be directed to
-eg. being angry at ur dad so shouting at ur sister

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11
Q

psychosexual stages of development + ages (brief)

A
  1. oral - 0-1
  2. anal - 2-3
  3. phallic - 3-6
  4. latency - 6 - puberty
  5. genital - beyond puberty
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12
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A

-occurs in boys in the phallic stage of development
-boys develop unconscious desire for mother but realise they cant compete w their dad
-develop castration anxiety and fear their father will castrate them if they find out abt the desire for their mother
-anxiety overcome by internalising fathers morals (become superego) and believe if they become more masculine their father will like them and not want to castrate them

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13
Q

what is the electra complex

A

-girls believe they dont have a penis because their mother castrated them, so turn to their father for love in hope of regaining their penis.
-girls have penis envy for rest of their lives unless they have a male baby, male lover or a career
-believe girls have weaker morals and superego as they dont identify as strongly w same-sex parent due to not having castration anxiety

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14
Q

reasons for and outcome of oral fixation

A

-over/under fed as baby
-early weaning

-smoking
-biting nails
-dependency
-aggression

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15
Q

reasons for and outcome of anal fixation

A

-too harsh/lax potty training

-anally retentive: tidy, obsessive, mean/cruel
-anally expulsive: untidy, generous, impulsive

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16
Q

reasons for and outcome of phallic fixation

A

-abnormal family dynamics leading to unusual relationship w mother/father

-vanity
-self-obsession
-sexual anxiety

17
Q

strengths of psychodynamic (PSD) approach

A

-case study evidence - Little Hans
-Explanatory power - eg. personality development, abnormal behaviour, morality, gender
-practical applications- psychoanalysis therapies

18
Q

limitations of psychodynamic (PSD) approach

A

-case study method - not generalisable, subjective interpretation
-untestable concepts mean it isnt scientific

19
Q
A