Approaches Flashcards
Biological (comparisons)
-biological determinism- behaviour is controlled by internal biological factors
- nature- behaviour is the result of innate biological factors
- biological reductionism- behaviour is broken into biological structures and processes
- nomothetic- creates universal law as human share physiologies
- scientific- promotes scientific methods of investigation
behaviourist (comparisons)
environmental determinism- behaviour is controlled by stimulus response conditioning
nurture- human are born as a blank slate and behaviour is learnt
environmental reductionism- behaviour is broken down into simple stimulus response associations
nomothetic- creates universal laws as behaviour is the result of stimulus response associations
scientific- utilises scientific methods
social learning theory (comparisons)
determinism (soft) - behaviours is controlled by environmental forces, however humans have personal responsibility and free choice
nurture- behaviour is learnt via classical or operant conditioning
nomothetic- attempts to establish general laws of behaviour
mostly scientific
cognitive (comparisons)
determinism (soft)- behaviour is controlled by meditational processes however humans can choose what information they attend to
nurture and nature- behaviour is the product of information processing and modifying by experiencing
environmental reductionism- behaviour is investigated in terms of isolated variables
nomothetic- attempted to establish general laws of cognitive processing but utilises and idiographic approach with case studies
mostly scientific
Psychodynamic (comparisons)
psychic determinism- behaviour is determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
mostly nurture- product of innate drives but shaped by early childhood
reductionism and holism- behaviour is reduced to innate drives while taking into account the multiple aspects of human behaviour
nomothetic and idiographic- attempts to establish generals laws in relation to innate drives, while considering unique experiences
not scientific
humanist (comparisons)
free will- humans control their own environment and are capable of change
mostly nurture- shaped by the environment as humans strive to achieve self actualisation
holism- focuses on understanding all aspects of human experience and interaction
idiographic- focuses on the subjective human experience and makes and no attempt to create general laws
not scientific
behaviourist approach
a learning approach that suggests all children are born as a blank slate learning through their interactions with their environment
biological approach
a learning approach that views human behaviour as a result of genetics and proposes that individual psychology stems from internal psychology
cognitive approach
a learning approach which likens the human mind to computer with internal metal processes turning an input to an output
humanistic approach
a learning approach which presumes all humans are fundamentally good and encourages the holistic study of the entire individual
psychodynamic approach
a learning approach that describes human behaviour as a product of unconscious processes
social learning theory
a learning approach that combines behaviourist ideas of learning through environment and the cognitive ideas of involvement of internal mental processes. it proposes that new behaviours can be acquired by observing and imitating others
