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A3-CORD curriculum > Approach to Trauma > Flashcards

Approach to Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general steps of ATLS?

A
  1. ABCDEs
  2. Log roll
  3. X-ray and FAST
  4. Secondary survey
  5. Resuscitation and stabilization
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2
Q

What are the hemodynamic effects of a tension pneumothorax?

A

Increases pressure in the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing preload

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3
Q

What is the needle used for a needle thoracostomy?

A

14-16 gauge

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4
Q

Where is the appropriate site for a needle thoracostomy?

A

Midclavicular line in the second intercostal space, over the neurovascular bundle

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5
Q

What is the size of the tube used in the placement of a chest tube?

A

36 french

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6
Q

What SBP is needed to feel a radial pulse?

A

80 mmHg

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7
Q

What SBP is needed to feel a femoral pulse?

A

60 mmHg

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8
Q

What SBP is needed to feel a carotid pulse?

A

60 mmHg

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9
Q

What is the relative HR for classes 1-4 of hemorrhagic shock?

A

1 = Normal-fast
2 = normal-fast
3. Fast
4. Fast

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10
Q

What is the relative BP for classes 1-4 of hemorrhagic shock?

A 
1= normal
2 = normal-low
3 = low
4 = low
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11
Q

What is the percent blood loss for classes 1-4 of hemorrhagic shock?

A 
1 = less than 15%
2 = 15-30%
3 = 30-40%
4 = 40%+
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12
Q

What is the type of fluids given for classes 1-4 of hemorrhagic shock?

A 
1 = NS
2 = NS
3 = NS+blood
4 = NS+blood
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13
Q

What are the components of the AVPU scale?

A

Alert
Voice responsive
Pain responsive
Unresponsive

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14
Q

What is assessed with the disability part of the ABCDEs?

A

Level of alertness (GSC)

Brief neuro function

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15
Q

What sort of neuro exam should be done for the D part of the ABCDEs?

A
  • Wiggle toes, fingers,
  • Assess eyes
  • sensation in arms and legs
  • log roll and anal tone
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16
Q

What are the components of the visual portion of the GSC scale?

A 
4 = spontaneously
3 =  loud voice
2 = to pain
1 = none
17
Q

What are the components of the verbal portion of the GSC scale?

A 
5 = oriented
4 = confused
3 = Inapprop words
2 = Incomprehensible sounds
1 = no sounds
18
Q

What are the components of the motor portion of the GSC scale?

A 
6 = obeys commands
5 = Localizes to pain
4 = withdraws from pain
3= flexes
2= extends
1 =none
19
Q

What are the standard x-rays to obtain in a trauma pt?

A

CXR and pelvis

20
Q

What are the components of the secondary survey in the ATLS?

A

History (SAMPLE)

PE

21
Q

What are the components of the AMPLE mnemonic?

A 
Allergies
Medications
Past history
Last meal 
Events
22
Q

What are the major things to look for in the head part of the PE for ATLS?

A

Battle’s signs
Raccoon’s eyes
Hemotympanum

23
Q

What are 0-5 grading for strength?

A 
0 = paralyzed
1 = palable/visible contraction
2 = FROM with gravity eliminated
3 = FROM against gravity
4= FROM, but weak
5 = FROM, strong
24
Q

What are the major things to look for in the neck part of the PE for ATLS?

A
  • Tracheal deviation, hematoma
  • SQ emphysema
  • Pulses
25
Q

What are the components of the NEXUS criteria? (4)

A
  • Alert, non-intoxicated
  • No midline TTP
  • No distracting injury
  • No sensory/motor deficit
26
Q

What are the four general components of the PE for the chest in ATLS?

A

Inspect
Palpate
Percuss
Auscultate

27
Q

How will a tracheobronchial tree disruption present?

A
  • SQ emphysema

- Lung fails to reinflate after chest tube placement

28
Q

If a lung fails to inflate after a chest tube is placed, what should be suspected?

A

Tracheobronchial disruption

29
Q

What happens to a pt with a pulmonary contusion after fluids are given? What is the treatment?

A
  • Causes pulmonary edema

- Hold off on fluids and given oxygen

30
Q

What is the presentation and treatment of a cardiac contusion?

A

EKG abnormalities

FIx them

31
Q

How should a pelvic fracture be treated?

A

Sheets wrapped around and tightened. Pelvic binder.

32
Q

What should be assess for in the perineum, rectum, and genital area in the ATLS secondary survey?

A
  • Hematomas
  • Blood are the urethral meatus
  • Sphincter tone
  • High riding prostate
33
Q

What should be assessed for in the arm/leg region of the ATLS secondary survey?

A
  • Ensure neurovascularly intact

- Compartment syndrome

34
Q

What are the labs, besides a type and cross, that should be obtained in a trauma pt?

A 
CBC
CMP
ABG
UA
EKG
EtOH

A3-CORD curriculum (23 decks)

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