Approach to ENT Flashcards
At what year do frontal sinus develop?
A. 3-5 years old
B. 5-7 years old
C. 8-10 years old
D. 15-18 years old
8-10 years old
Which of the following BEST describes what is depicted in the picture below?
A. Normal throat and normal sized tonsils
B. Tonsillar swelling
C. Tonsillar erythema, swelling and exudate
D. None of the above
Tonsillar erythema, swelling and exudate
Which of the following best describes what is being depicted below?
A. Cobblestoning
B. Swollen erythematic tonsils
C. Torus Palatinus
D. None of the above
Cobblestoning
Which of the following best describes what is being depicted below?
A. Cobblestoning
B. Swollen erythematic tonsils
C. Torus Palatinus
D. None of the above
Torus Palatinus
NOTE: happens more in females, usually surgery is not indicated
What is the following picture depicting?
A. Normal ear
B. Otitis media
C. IDK
D. Bulging TM with varying degrees of erythema
Normal ear
below, is a depiction of the other options
T/F: Pharyngitis does not always indicate strep though
True
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx that results in sore throat. The cause of infection can be viral or bacterial. What are the 3 main bacteria assocaited with pharyngitis?
GABHS
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Which of the following are good DDx for pharyngitis?
A. GERD
B. Mononucleosis
C. Post-nasal drip secondary to rhinitis
D. Persistent cough
E. Thyroiditis
F. All of the above are correct
All of the above are correct
Based on the following information, which bacterial causeing pharyngitis is most likely?
- PT age: 5-15*
- Season: Winter or spring*
- Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy*
- Tonsillar exudate (coating)*
- Fever*
A. GABHS
B. Chlamidia pneumonie
C. Mycoplasma pneumonie
D. None of the above
GABHS
Why is it that nausea is often a symptom associated with Streptoccocal Pharyngitis?
The pharynx is right next to intra-abdominal organs on the homunculus
The Center Score is used to determine whether a PT needs antibiotics for sore throat or not. What value would indicate antibiotics, without the need of performing a throat culture or RADT?
A. Score <0
B. Score= 1
C. Score= 3
D. Score > = 4
E. Throat culture or RADT is always indicated despite score values
Score > = 4
0-1 no antibiotics
2-3 potentiall antibiotics if throat culture is positive
4 or more indicates antibiotics
The Center Criteria determines id a PT needs antibiotics for a sore throat based on a points system. Excluding age, what are the 4 criteria that yield 1 point?
No cough
Swollen and Tender Cervical Nodes
Temp > 100.4 F (38 C)
Tonsillar exudates or swelling
The Center criteria yield 1 pt for which of the following ages if they have a sore throat?
A. 3-14 yo
B. 15-44 yo
C. greater than 45 yo
D. All ages
3-14 yo
15-44 is 0
45 and up is -1
RAPT or Rapid Antigen Detecting test detects prescence of which of the following antigens?
A. Group A streptococcal
B. Group B streptococcal
C. Group C streptococcal
D. Group D streptococcal
Group A streptococcal
Which of the following diagnosis is possible when fluid is found in the middle ear (stapes, incus, etc)?
A. Otitis externa and Ottitis media with effusion
B. Otitis media with effusion and Labyrinthitis
C. Ottitis media with effusion and Acute Otitis Media
D. Labyrinithitis and Otitis externa
Ottitis media with effusion and Acute Otitis Media
Which of the following is inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear WITHOUT bacterial or viral infection?
A. Acute OM
B. Acute Suppurative OM
C. OM with effusion
D. Chronic Supprative OM
OM with effusion (serous OM)
- this occurs due to persistant fluid buildup after an ear infection, or due to some dysfunction or blockage of the eustachian tube
NOTE: chronic is more than 6 weeks; supprative OM is puss filled
Which of the following is depicted below?
A. Normal TM
B. Acute OM
C. OM with effusion (serous OM)
D. Chronic OM with effusion
Acute OM
NOTE: OM with effusion is depicted below
Which of the following is depicted below?
A. Acute OM
B. OM with effusion
C. Otitis Externa
D. Ostosclerosis
Otitis externa
- can be caused by bacteria entering a small break in the skin of the canal
- PTs may report ear drainage
- usually associated with pain upon touching of the external ear structure
The following depicted pathology is an abnormal bone growth around stapes bones. It is associated with progressive hearing loss befinning at ages 10-30, and marked loss occuring during middle age. What we see is called Otosclerosis, of which there are 2 types. Name the 2 types and their differences
Conductive Loss: ossicle sclerosis into an immovable mass
Sensory loss: otic capsule sclerosis
(Sensory oTic)
- note this affects about 10% of caucasians; females more than males
You perform a Weber test accuratley, and the PT explains that the sound lateralized to their Right ear. Which of the following could be true based on the indication of the test? (select all that apply)
A. Sensorineural loss in the right ear
B. Sensorineural loss in the left ear
C. Conductive loss in the left ear
D. Conductive loss in the right ear
D. All the above are corrrect
Sensorineural loss in the left ear
Conductive loss in the right ear
NOTE:
You can only hear out of one ear…S.O.
Sensorineural loss would be in the Opposite ear
You perform the Rinne Test correctly, and determine that the right ear has conductive hearing loss. Which of the following must have been noted for you to be correct?
A. Air conduction > Bone conduction
B. Bone conduction = Air conduction
C. They felt/heard the vibration of the tuning fork on their mastoid, but were unable to continue hearing the sound when you moved the prongs parallel to their ear
D. They felt/heard the vibration of the tuning fork, and were still able to hear the sound when you moved the prongs parallel to their ear
C. They felt/heard the vibration of the tuning fork on their mastoid, but were unable to continue hearing the sound when you moved the prongs parallel to their ear
NOTE:
Normal Rinne: Air conduction > Bone conduction
(remember ABCs A>B)
All of the following are causes of sensorineural hearing loss, EXCEPT which of the following that is a cause of conductive hearing loss?
A. Meniere disease
B. MS
C. Ototoxic drugs
D. Cerumen impaction
E. Barotrauma
F. Hereditary
Cerumen impaction
Rhinosinusitis/Sinusitis is when the mucosal lining in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity become inflamed. There are infectious (bacterial and viral) and non-infectious causes.
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is indicated when signs or symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis persists without evidence of improvement for at least:
A. 5 days beyond the onset of upper respiratory symptoms
B. 5 days after the end of upper respiratory symptoms
C. 10 days beyond the onset of upper respiratory symptoms
D. 10 days after the end of upper respiratory symptoms
C. 10 days beyond the onset of upper respiratory symptoms
T/F: Acute bacterial sinusitis usually presents with a “double-sickening”(initially get better then worse), purulent rhinorrhea, and elevated ESR
True
Just have an awareness of this
Just have an awareness of this
