approach to child with developmental delay Flashcards
developmental delay definition
failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for a childs corrected chronological age
patterns of abnormal development
- delayed which can be global or specific
- deviation: e.g autism spectrum disorder
- regression: retts syndrome and metabolic disorders
uk population born with autism spectrum disorder
1%
uk population born with a mild learning disability
1-2%
mild learning disability is an iq
less than 70
uk population with a severe learning disability
0.3-0.5%
severe learning disability is an iq
less than 50
u population with a specific learning disability
5-10%
red flags for developmental
- asymmetry of movement
- loss of skills
- concerns re hearing and visions
- failure to reach for objects by 6 months
- failure to sit up unsupported by 12 months
- failure to walk by 18 months
- failure of speech by 18 months
for any child who fails to walk by 18 months
check creatinine kinase levels
global developmental delay
significant delay in 2+ of gross motor/ fine motor, speech/ language, cognition or acivites of daily living
in school age children global developmental delay is known as
learning disability
down syndrome also known as
trisomy 21
presentation of downs syndrome
- heart
- joints
- craniofacial findings
cardiac manifestations of down syndrome
- atrioventricular septal defect
- ventricular spatial defect
- patent ductus arteriosus
- tetralogy of falot
craniofacial manifestations of down syndrome
falt occipitut (plagiocephaly), small brachycephalic head, epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, upward slanting palpebral fissures, brush field spots, protruding tongue, low-set small dysplastic ears
joint manifestations of down syndrome
hyperflexibiltiy and atlanto-axial subluxation
other manifestation of down syndrome
learning difficulties and epilepsy
specific developmental delays
- motor
- language
- sensory deficits
- developmental deviations
motor delays
duchenne muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, co-ordination disorders
language delays
specific language disorders
sensory deficits
occulocutaneous albinims, teacher-collins
developmental deviations
autism spectrum disorder
teacher collins syndrome
autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive diroder (depending on which gene is the cause) which results in underdeveloped bones of the cheeks, jaw and chin (micrognathia), also associated with cleft palate, hearing loss and vision loss
