Appreciation of Fine Arts Midterm Flashcards
long melodic phrases on a single syllable (done to emphasize specific words)
Melismatic Singing
what are the three types of performance in melismatic singing
Responsorial
Antiphonal
Direct
where two or more lines are moving independently from each other
Polyphony
New idea of the Late Middle Ages
Gothic “Barbarian”
lacks conformity with the Classical Greek and Roman architecture
Gothic “Barbarian”
Gothic architecture
Pointed Arches
Ribbed Vault
Great expanses of glass
Flying Buttress
Gargoyles
Stained Glass
Rose widows
sculptures were used primarily to decorate the exterior of the cathedral and were long and lean figures
Gothic Art: Sculptures
First great Italian painter in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance.
Inspired by Greek art preserved in the Byzantine Empire
Pioneer of the Renaissance
Giotto di Bondone
what are ultimately allowed the Italians to leap the barrier that separated sculpture from painting
Byzantine
After what point is the history of art also the history of great artist
Gothic Art/ Lamentation of Christ
Creation of notation allowed for other voice parts to be created
Polyphonic Music
Additional notes written above the chant to embellish it
Music is mostly consonant
Original chant melody becomes called the “Tenor”
Polyphonic Music
musical service of the Catholic Church
Mass
Two types of Mass
Proper Mass and Ordinary Mass
consists of varying chants to “be proper for” specific days of the year
Proper Mass
consists of standard chants with unvarying texts
Ordinary Mass
Ordinary mass texts:
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Angus Dei
Lord have mercy
Kyrie
Glory to God in the highest
Gloria
I believe
Credo
Holy, Holy, Holy
Sanctus
Lamb of God
Angus Dei
Composed by Guillaume de Machaut
Messe De Nostre Dame (Mass of our Lady)
One of the best-known works in the entire repertoire of medieval music
Uses the ordinary of the Mass
Three new voices added to the preexisting chant
Messe Be Nostre Dame
New voices from Machaut
Superius
Contratenor Altus
Tenor
Contratenor Bassus
Superius
soprano
Contratenor Altus
Alto
original Gregorian chant
Tenor
Contratenor Bassus
Bass
Consisted of thousands of sacred melodies sung in Latin
Named after Pope Gregory I
No regular rhythm
Monophonic
Free of tension or drama
Vocal (no instrumental accompaniment)
Syllabic singing- one syllable per note
Gregorian chant
developed music notation
Early Medieval Music
dashes and dotes to indicate vertical direction of a melody
Numes
Development of notation
Church musicians create Western notation
Staff lines were added to represent intervals
“Christ in Majesty” relief sculpture images
Man/angel
Lion
Ox
Eagle
Man/angel
Matthew
Lion
Mark
Ox
Luke
eagle
John
functions as the main entrance to the church (Romanesque)
West End
where the main alter is placed and the main part of service takes place
East End
Architectural features of Romanesque Art
Fortress-like
Roman arches and arcades
Small Windows
Barrel Vault
Grain Vault
Massive Piers
Decorated Columns
Towers
refers to art developed in the West
Romanesque art
a series of arches supporting a wall or set along it
arcades
formed by the continuation of a single cure along a given distance
Most common in Romanesque style
Barrel Vault
Produced by the intersection of two barrel vaults
Groin Vault
an upright support that can be square, rectangular or round
Massive Piers
Round supports
Most often for decor rather than structure
Decorated columns
Important feature of Romanesque churches
towers
commissioned by Emperor Justinian
One of the oldest and longest basilicas in the world
Modeled after the Pantheon
40 window at the base of the dome gives the illusion of weightlessness
Turned into a mosque in 1453 and in 1935
Hagia Sophia
Cathedral Terminology
West End
East End
Nave Aisle
Transept
Crossing
Choir
Apse
central long space of the church building
Usually flanked by aisles
Nave
Open area parallel to nave and separated from it by columns or piers
Aisle
Rectangular area that separates the nave and aisles from the rest of the building
Transept
Area where the nave and the transept intersect
Crossing
the area just past the crossing
the main or high alter is located in this area
Choir
a vaulted extension of projection on the east
generally circular or polygonal in shape
not uncommon to find fresco paintings here
apse
art that the focus on simplicity and clarity
Byzantine art
composed of small units of stone, glass, or porcelain set in mortar
Mosaics
Iconoclasts
image smasher
were against all images of a religious nature
Iconoclasts
Images in the church of the Early Middle Ages
early Christians agreed on No statues
Did not want the church to mirror anything of the world
function of paintings in the Early Middle Ages
was to educate
used to remind the congregation of teachings they had received
“Painting can do for the illiterate what writing does for those who can read”
Pope Gregory
First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity and in 311 established the Christian church as a power in the state
Emperor Constantine the Great
