Appraisal And Workforce Perfromance Flashcards
Whats an appraisal?
A formal assessment of an employees performance
What three stages does an appraisal go through?
1) review of employees strengths
2) review of development areas
3) review of targets to improve
What are developmental needs?
The requirements that an employee has in order to perform their job more effectively and/ or gain the skills and abilities necessary for promotion
What is the purpose of appraisal?
- eliminate mistakes
- to make pay decisions
- inc productivity
- greater employee motivation
- set expectations
- make staff feel valued
- record any issues (evidence)
- improve skills
- higher quality production
What are the forms of appraisal?
- managerial
- self
- peer
- 360°
What is managerial appraisal?
A method of appraisals where manager examines and evaluates an employees performance
What are the advantages and drawbacks of managerial appraisal?
Advantages:
- employee receives expert input from managers
- makes subsequent actions such as deciding about pay, rewards and disciplinary procedures seem fairer
Disadvantages:
- manager may not work closely with employees to know their strengths + developmental areas
- input is limited to new point of view (the managers)
What is self assessment/ appraisal?
Where employees assess their own performance often using a tick sheet to grade specks of their work
Why might completing a self assessment before a managerial appraisal be useful?
Employer - can gain idea about how employee thinks they’re performing + respond accordingly
Employee -can prepare for what going to be mentioned
Whats a benefit of self assessment?
The employee may have a better understanding of their own performance than what a manger may have
Why may self appraisal be ineffective?
Due to self -bias, reporting yourself how you would like to think you’re performing, not actually how you’re performing - think you’re better than you are
Why might managerial and self appraisal be used together?
To make identification of developmental areas more effective - gives employees insight and managers (manager may not see enough of their performance) and allow manager to respond accordingly
What is 360 degree appraisal?
This involves receiving feedback from several people in organisation giving a broader picture of performance - line manager who are more senior
What is peer assessment?
When your colleagues complete your appraisal - same level
What are the adavantges and disadvantages of 360 degree appraisal?
Advantages:
- a broader picture of performance will be obtained
- useful for development bc feedback + insight into how other perceive them
Disadvantages:
- could end up with too much conflicting info to base targets upon
- time consuming + complicated
- bias from employees to ‘get their own back’
What are the advantages an disadvantages of peer appraisal?
Advantages:
- peers have very clear idea on how employee is contributing to business
- peers have clear idea on what needs to be done
Advantages:
- could end up as overly positive or negative depending on relationships (particularly if linked to pay)
What is about turnover?
Measures the number of employees who have left the business and is usually calculated as an annual percentage
What is the formula for calculating labour turnover?
Labour turnover = number of employees leaving during the year
________________________________________________ X100
average number of employed during year
What is absenteeism?
Number of non-attendance in a month in a percentage
What is the formula for calculating absenteeism?
Absenteeism = total days absent in the month
__________________________________ X100
total available working days in the month
What is long term absence?
Where an employee is off work for a lengthy period usually due to illness
What is short term absence?
Where an employee is absent for a few days
What is authorised absence?
Where n employee asks or the time off for particular reason
What is unauthorised absence?
Where an employee has an unplanned absence (usually ST)
How can lateness be calculated?
Lateness = total number of late arrivals
______________________________ x100
total number of scheduled attendances
Wha=y might an employee have a valid reason for being late?
Childcare problems, traffic —> cant be persistent
What is workforce productivity?
A measure of output per employee in a particular period of time - key indicator of workforce performance
How do you calculate workforce productivity?
Workforce productivity = output (per given time period)
________________________________
average number of employees
In what sector is productivity hard to measure and why?
Tertiary sector - no physical product produced
What makes appraisal ineffective?
- lack of commitment from senior management - if obvious employee may not take it seriously
- if lack of time allowed for appraisal - if seems like manager wants to be elsewhere employee might regard as waste of time - don’t feel valued
- unrealistic expectations + targets being set - if set without employees agreement they may not want to achieve targets
- inconsistent approach from managers - one managers harsher than other - rightfully claim been treated diff to others - especially if pay related
What are the limitations of using qualitative data?
- averages can be misleading
- not all depts employ the same number of people
- a single figure in isolation is of limited use
- numbers don’t exp the situation
How May performance related pay be done?
- piece rate (payed per item produced)
- bonuses ( set amount if meet target)
- commission (% of sale)
- pay scale (move up)
How is piece rate calculated?
Piece rate = number of products produced x amount paid to work per product produced
How is commission calculated?
Commission = sales value x commission rate
What is performance related pay?
A financial reward for employees whose work is considered to have reached a required standard and/ or above average. Can be used in conjunction with appraisals
What is the UK statutory holiday entitlement?
28 days including bank holidays - businesses can offer above (UK average is 33.5 days)
How is holiday entitlement for part time workers calculated?
Holiday entitlement (part time) = no. of days that employee works per week x 5.6
What is employee contribution?
Refers to what an employee offers to a business eg their expertise and efforts.
How can employee contribution be measured?
- customer feedback
- output
- lateness
- amount sold
- absenteeism
- appraisal
- speed of service
